Linguistics - Page 4

Orality, Literacy and Translation

/
310 views

Panchanan Mohanty

GLA University, Mathura. E-mail: panchananmohanty@gmail.com

 Volume 13, Number 2, 2021 I Full Text PDF

DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v13n2.13

PlumX Metrics

Abstract

Though translation activities are more than two millennia old, the most significant activities in this field took place in the 20th century. To be specific, contradictory theoretical positions were taken and entirely new kinds of questions were asked in the second half of this century. Scholars like Susan Bassnett (1998) even claimed that a translation should be treated as an independent and original text. But a number of writers, translators and scholars hold an opposite view. If we consider the translation activities of the ancient western civilizations of the world, we notice that those were mostly commissioned and literal in nature. Contrary to it, the situation in India was different. Though Valmiki and Vyasa composed the Ramayana and the Mahabharata respectively for the first time in Sanskrit, the Ramayanas and Mahabharatas written later in various vernacular languages of India are adaptations or transcreations. A careful analysis of the European, Arabic, and Chinese traditions show that those were literate in comparison with the vernacular Indian tradition that was predominantly oral. This orality gave a lot of freedom to the writers in the vernacular languages in ancient India to be creative and compose new texts. Therefore, orality was the driving force for this creativity and some western scholars’ proposal that a translated text is an original text in not a new concept.

The other point I would like to make is that contrary to the popular belief, a literal translation of a literary text is also appreciated more (Newmark 1988:70-71). This position is validated in two of our case studies, i.e. Mohanty et al. (2008) and Mohanty and Sarath Chandra (2014). Therefore, I want to argue that ‘free’ translation was the mainstream in the climate of orality and not in literacy. This free trend endorsed by those scholars who treat translations as original texts is peripheral in the contemporary literate societies in which translations are usually commissioned. I will also argue that the differences between the free and the literal trends in translation are primarily due to the oral and the literate traditions that prevailed in India and in the other parts of the world mentioned above in the olden days.

Keywords: Translation Studies, Orality, Literacy, Transcreation

Editorial Introduction

//
1.5K views

Tariq Khan1 & Priyanka Tripathi2

1Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysuru. ORCID: 0000-0003-2763-9675. Email: tariq.khan@gov.in

2Indian Institute of Technology Patna. ORCID: 0000-0002-9522-3391. Email: priyankatripathi@iitp.ac.in

 Volume 13, Number 2, 2021 I Full Text PDF

DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v13n2.12

PlumX Metrics

Language and translation are phenomena in which the splendours of human intellect abound and become easily perceptible. Perhaps, that is why language and translation are concomitants even though the symbiotic relationship between the two remains occasionally recognized and often ignored. Both language and translation have been playing an instrumental role in creating and carrying forward the access and advances of knowledge, culture, literature, science and technology. Therefore, it is natural that academic writings concerning the issues of language and translation manifest in variegated forms and gets utilized as a means of and pretext for serving different purposes by writers and translators. This issue of the journal encapsulating eight papers may serve as an example to demonstrate the diverse ways in which scholarly pursuits have engaged language and translation and the relationship of mutualism between the two. Here is a bird’s eye view:

An instance of translation necessitates not only a successful transfer of meaning from one language to another but also that of the style of it. Therefore, the instantiations of translation are examples of comparative stylistics. Panchanan Mohanty in his paper liberates translation from the rigmarole of transcreation, adaptation, literal translation etc. and advocates it to be a free text by citing various examples. According to him, the differences that lie between the free and the literal trends in India are primarily due to the oral and the literate traditions. The paper by Sushant Kumar Mishra illustrates the Indian tradition of translation and recreation of metanarrative texts and in doing so he discusses how factors such as ideology and style influence the actions and outcome of the translation. Shilpi Gupta’s paper is an outcome of a translation project. This paper contextualizes the translation of Anzaldua’s book Borderlands in Indian languages. The salient aspect of this paper is that it foregrounds the translation of a work that represents not only mixed language but also diverse perspectives. This paper offers insights about translation challenges arising due to cultural peculiarities and gaps.

Language testing and evaluation are issues that merit attention on par with language teaching and learning. In recent years, automated assessments have become very popular. Shanti Murugan and Balasundram S. R. argue that such popular advances may be easy and economical; however, their application needs to improve considerably. In this paper, the authors demonstrate how affix-based distractor generators can be more reliable especially for generating multiple-choice questions (MCQs) and cloze tests. Automated assessments have also become part of ELT classrooms where a shift towards a student-centric model has been observed. Amal Tom and Nagendra Kumar’s paper discusses the integration of technology in ELT, analyses different perspectives and approaches of individual teachers in developing and evaluating language skills and argues further on how exploring digital avenues have been complementary to traditional classroom teaching especially in the context of effects of the recent pandemic. The paper by Amritha Koiloth Ramat and Shashikantha Koudur examines the role of dictionaries in the modernization of a language. Their paper focuses on Hermann Gundert’s Malayalam-English bilingual dictionary in the context of modernization of Malayalam. Further, this paper discusses the emergence of a new Malayalam that is relatively free of Sanskrit.

The cultural aspects that remain ingrained in translation have frequently occurred in the discussions and the nuanced reading of these translations has successfully stimulated interesting debates too. The paper by Azhar Uddin Sahaji offers a biography of the word ‘noor’ and presents the changes it has undergone while transcending from Classical Arabic to modern languages such as Punjabi and Hindi. Azhar argues that in the process of translation and adaptation the word ‘noor’ has not undergone any large-scale semantic change. The value attached to this word remains unaffected while the change has mostly occurred at the level of transliteration. Febin Vijay and Priyanka Tripathi’s paper explores literature as one the most challenging genres to translate. Exploring the genre of crime/detective fiction through Abir Mukherjee’s A Rising Man enriched with rhetorical devices, puns, and idiomatic expressions the paper clearly indicates how literary genres have evolved significantly over the decades and differs depending on the theoretical framework. The discourse concerning language and translation has kept growing and adding diversity to itself thereby modifying the parameters of the representation. The advancements in various other domains of human intellect have also benefitted from this diversity and contributed to it as well. This issue of the journal stands testimony to the signifying practice of translation. It interrogates our comprehension of reading and writing and also brings to the forefront the location of textual authority along with the possibilities and challenges of translation.

Hope the readers will have a riveting experience!

The Concept of Neuro- Linguistic Programming in Improving the Receptive Skills in English

/
408 views

S.Sunitha1, A .Catherin Jayanthy2, G. Kalaiyarasan3,  N.Annalakshmi4

1Ph.D Scholar(full time),Department of Educaiton, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India. Email:  yogucharu@gmail.com1

2Assistant Professor,Department of Educaiton, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India.

3Head of the Department, Department of Educaiton, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India.

4Ph.D Scholar(full time),Department of Educaiton, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India.

Volume 13, Number 1, 2021 I Full Text PDF
DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v13n1.49

The Concept of Neuro- Linguistic Programming in Improving the Receptive Skills in English

Abstract

From the long years ago, education have been trying a proper way to improving the skills of English. Educators tried several methodologies in English to choose the better one. This paper brings out the effect of teaching Receptive skills by implementing NLP (Neuro- Linguistic Programming) in second language as English. Neuro- Linguistic Programming is one of the methods to catch up the English by giving focus on the brain anatomy. Brain anatomy can motive the creativity as well as the skills of using language. It also exist the role of Neuro Linguistic Programming in teaching the Receptive skills of English, which could make the students to improve the Receptive skills such as listening and reading.  The study, in short, affirms that NLP strategies could be quite efficacious in making the students procure the skills that are indispensable in workplaces effortlessly. As it involves teaching a reading comprehension course by NLP concepts and techniques, the approach used in this study is experimental. In addition, the experimental method involves pre-and post-tests conducted before and after the course by the control group (40 students) and the experimental group (40 students). The students of the experimental community are chosen from the secondary school students.  After the NLP experimentation, it was revealed from the study that there was a significant difference in the level of the experimental group in pre and post-test.

Keywords: NLP, Receptive Skills, Concept of NLP in learning receptive skills

Linguocultural Anatomical Code: Concept of Sacredness

//
341 views

Moldir A. Alshynbaeva1, Shara Mazhitayeva2, Bektursyn Kaliyev3,  Nurgul Nygmetova4, Gulbaram S. Khamzina5

1 Graduate Student, Buketov Karaganda University, Kazakhstan. E-mail: a_moon86@mail.ru

2Doctor in Philology, Professor, Buketov Karaganda University, Kazakhstan. Orcid: 0000-0002-0557-5423. E-mail: s_mazhit@mail.ru. 

3Candidate of Philology, Buketov Karaganda University, Kazakhstan. E-mail: Kaliev-69@mail.ru

4Candidate of Philology, Karaganda State Technical University, Kazakhstan. Orcid: 0000-0002-6421-8231. E-mail: nurgul_tursynovna@mai.ru  

5PhD, M.Kozybaev North Kazakhstan State University, Kazakhstan. Orcid: 0000-0002-7329-6258. E-mail: Gulzada_76@mail.ru 

 Volume 13, Number 1, 2021 I Full Text PDF
DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v13n1.31

Linguocultural Anatomical Code: Concept of Sacredness

Abstract

The article examines the Kazakh people’s linguocultural anatomical code, which has developed due to nomadic culture over the centuries and reflected their beliefs, rituals, rites, and traditions. The linguocultural code is viewed as a secondary modeling semiotic system, or as a connotative semiotics. Certain anatomical concepts, i.e. body parts, bones, and internal organs serve as the cultural code’s elements. Culturally conditioned sacral significance, tracing to pagan magic, myths, and legends, is revealed in their lexical and phraseological representations in the connotative meaning. Thus, the article analyzes such concepts as 12 (on eki) múshe, jauyryn, ókpe.  12 (on eki) múshe serves as the basic concept of the Kazakh anatomical code, defining views on human and animals’ anatomy, the role and functions of certain anatomical concepts in spiritual, religious, and ritual-rite culture. A high degree of sacredness of the named concepts, depending on the level of linguistic unit total number and cultural sacred meaning units, was identified as well. Thus, the purpose of our article is to identify the specifics of the Kazakh anatomical linguocultural code by analyzing certain sacred concepts, verbalized in the names of skeleton, bones, some inner organs, as well as to define the degree of their sacredness, preserved in the modern Kazakh language. We have developed the methodology for studying these concepts, based on the secondary semiotic sign analysis, i.e. lexical and phraseological verbal units and their semantics: denotative and connotative, and defined certain concepts’ sacredness degree.

Keywords: concept sacredness, a symbolic animal, anatomical linguocultural code

Cognitive & Pragmatic Approach to the Phraseological Intensifiers of Political Discourse

//
306 views

Nadejda Zubareva1 & Iroda Siddikova2

PhD Candidate1.  DSc, Professor2. Comparative Linguistics Department, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek. Contact: zubarevan@yahoo.com

 Volume 13, Number 1, 2021 I Full Text PDF
DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v13n1.29

Cognitive & Pragmatic Approach to the Phraseological Intensifiers of Political Discourse

Abstract

The present paper reports on a study that aims to explore the cognitive and pragmatic potential of leveraging phraseological intensifiers in English political discourse. The authors argue that the phraseological intensifiers of political discourse could not be discussed without any contribution to the extra-linguistic context. Therefore, the present study works with a cognitive linguistic explanation of the phraseological intensifiers used by English politicians and journalists as well as performed pragmatic impact that aimed to foster the relevant conceptualization process. The suggestion of phraseological intensifiers depends on context linguistic meaning in the employed by the authors cognitive-pragmatic paradigm. This paper also denotes a wide range of relative to intensity categories, which should be distinguished from it. Such an analysis allows the authors to account for the wide distribution of intensifiers and their co-occurrence with categories that do not encode degree variables. The results of the study show that phraseological intensifiers significantly outperformed in the degree of pragmatic suggestion in political discourse and made use of them in a more appropriate way.

Keywords: Intensification; Phraseological Intensifiers; Cognitive; Pragmatic; Political discourse.

Representation of Ethnicity in Lexicographic Discourse

/
299 views

Nataliia I. Melnyk1, Iryna O. Biletska2, Oksana A. Ponomarova3, Alina V. Buranova4 & Alla O. Davydenko1

1Foreign Philology Department, National Aviation University, Kyiv, Ukraine

2Department of Foreign Languages Theory and Practice, Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University, Uman, Ukraine

3Department of English and Methods of its Teaching, Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University, Uman, Ukraine

4Department of Foreign Languages Methodology, National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Kyiv, Ukraine

E-mail: nata-melnyk@uohk.com.cn

 Volume 13, Number 1, 2021 I Full Text PDF
DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v13n1.22
Representation of Ethnicity in Lexicographic Discourse

Abstract

In the modern world, which is characterised by migration processes, ethnic and cultural mixing, the interest of representatives of various fields of knowledge to the category of ethnicity, ethnic processes, their historical, cultural, philosophical and linguistic component is growing. In this regard, the work is devoted to studying the dynamics of representations of ethnicity in different types of discursive practices and identifying the specifics of conceptualisation of ethnicity in English-speaking society in the context of ideological, socio-economic and socio-cultural transformations of the second half of the 20th – early 21st century. The relevance of the study is due to the inclusion of the dynamics of language development and change in such areas of modern linguistics as ethnolinguistics, linguocultural studies and discourse analysis, as well as growing interest in the evolution of language, lexical structure of English and changes in the English world picture with the development of ethnic culture, the synthesis of language modifications in the context of global socio-cultural transformations. The following methods were used in the work: definition analysis; comparative analysis; quantitative analysis; analysis-discourse; hypothetical-deductive method; generalisation; systematisation. The research methods used in the article made it possible to substantiate the principles of material selection for studying the dynamics of ethnic representations in English dictionaries; to reveal the concepts of ethnic stereotype and ethnonym-nickname as ways of stereotyping; to characterise the concept of political correctness as relevant for the study of linguistic construction of ethnicity. The dynamics of the representation of ethnicity in the lexicographic discourse on the material of British dictionaries of two times cross-sections (mid-20th century and modern latest edition) in the context of socio-cultural transformations were analysed. The practical value of the work is that the obtained results contribute to a fuller understanding of the English-language picture of the world, deepen scientific ideas about the interaction of ideology, language, culture.

 

Keywords: ethnic stereotype, lexicographic discourse, ethnolinguistics, ethnonym, lexical structure of language.

Creating Communicative Space and Textual Reality via Emotiogenic Means in Fictional Discourse

291 views

Andrii Bezrukov1 & Oksana Bohovyk2

1Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Philology and Translation Dept., Dnipro National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazarian, Ukraine. ORCID: 0000-0001-5084-6969. Email: dronnyy@gmail.com

2Ph.D., Senior Lecturer, Philology and Translation Dept., Dnipro National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazarian, Ukraine. ORCID: 0000-0003-4315-2154. Email: oksana.a.bogovik@gmail.com

 Volume 13, Number 1, 2021 I Full Text PDF
DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v13n1.21
Creating Communicative Space and Textual Reality via Emotiogenic Means in Fictional Discourse

Abstract

The article focuses on the strategies of reconstructing communicative space between the author and reader as well as forecasting the emotional impact on the reader through transforming textual reality. The emotiogenic characteristics of fictional discourse provide the emotional perception of literary texts since emotions are central to the experience of literary narrative fiction. Such a perception is made possible by the identification, comprehension, and interpretation of the emotionally significant textual components of different types. The authors of the article have classified them as the following: graphical and visual, punctuation, and semantic-stylistic ones. These means, found in the postmodern novels by Salman Rushdie, Tahereh Mafi, Marina Lewycka, Kazuo Ishiguro, Alexandar Hemon, and Stephen King, have been analysed to explicate the character of the phenomenon of emotiogenic fictional narratives. The emotiogenic means in the selected novels are exploited by the writers of different ethnic affiliations that can be resulted from their multicultural experience. The superimposition of some means is explained by their semantic relationship. The article tests a hypothesis that the cognitive architecture of the emotiogenic means is determined by an emotional situation reflected in a literary text that appears to be a special code through which readers interpret their emotional and evaluative meanings. The indicators of the text’s emotionality occur to be signs of the textual representation of emotional knowledge. This study contributes to the investigation of the emotiogenic means of creating communicative space which are considered those discursive expressive elements that affect the perception of textual reality.

Keywords: emotion, text, author, reader, postmodern literature, cognition

Paroemias as Explication of Human Qualities in the English Language

/
354 views

Elvira N. Azharbekova1, Shara Mazhitayeva1, Zhanar M. Omasheva2, Kamshat Toleubaeva1, Zhanar Talaspaeva3, Sholpan Zhetpisbay4

1Buketov Karaganda State University, Kazakhstan

2Karaganda State Medical University, Kazakhstan

3M. Kozybaev North Kazakhstan State University, Kazakhstan

4Karaganda State Technical University, Kazakhstan

 Volume 12, Number 6, 2020 I Full Text PDF

DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v12n6.28

Abstract

The article studies human qualities and cultural features through a zoomorphic cultural code. The authors analyzed English paroemias, which are the most distinctive and culture-specific language system, which contributes to define the native speaker’s worldview features. As a result of the analysis, the authors defined groups of paroemias in which the description of human qualities was found in paroemiological units and figurative content which are related to cultural and national features of the English ethnic group. A component analysis of denotative space of the English paroemias showed that the most relevant for the British are such zoomorphic images as: dog, sheep, cat, horse, ox. The cultural and linguistic specifics, based on paroemias studied, are implicit and serve to create the expressiveness and a figurative meaning and, therefore, are a part of the connotative macro-component. The study, presented here, consulted A. A. Khazan’s English paroemiological dictionary “Russian-English-Latin dictionary of winged words and expressions” (Smolensk: Rusich, 2001), ethnolinguistic and linguocultural scientific works. The target of research is zoonymous proverbs and sayings in the English language. The research focuses on proverbs and sayings zoonyms, in the semantics of which there are cultural and linguistic components characterizing human qualities. The research methods include descriptive, statistic, transformational, distributive and componential analyzes.

Keywords: semantics, English proverbs, English sayings, phraseological unit, lexeme, zoonym, zoomorphic image.

Colour Categories in Different Linguistic Cultures

357 views

Zhanar A. Kaskatayeva1, Shara Mazhitayeva2, Zhanar M.Omasheva3, Nurgul Nygmetova4 & Zhanbai Kadyrov5

1Ph.D. Student, 1Buketov Karaganda State University, Kazakhstan

2Doctor of Philology, Professor, 1Buketov Karaganda State University, Kazakhstan

3Candidate of Philology, Karaganda State Medical University, Kazakhstan

4Candidate of Philology, Karaganda State Technical University 

5 Candidate of Philology, Professor, M.Kozybayev North Kazakhstan State University, Petropavlovsk, Kazakhstan

Correspondence: Shara Mazhitayeva, 28 University Street, 100028, Kazakhstan. Email: s_mazhit@mail.ru

 Volume 12, Number 6, 2020 I Full Text PDF

DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v12n6.14

Abstract

The interest in defining color naming culture-specific features in multisystem languages is one of the relevant themes in linguistics. Numerous colors, their names, and symbolic sense are a peculiar reflection of mentality and culture for any nation. When designating nominatively, the ambiguity and multi-functionality of each color become an important part of the socio-mental world view, which has different ways of expression in different languages. The color naming unit peculiarities in multisystem languages, i.e., Kazakh, Russian and English, are the target of the research. The study focuses on the metaphorical and symbolic use of color naming groups in Kazakh, Russian and English. The research material provided a list of color namings, made up of a continuous sampling of definition, phraseological, bilingual Kazakh, Russian and English dictionaries, including fiction books. Based on the material of Kazakh, Russian and English languages, the authors attempted to define meanings of color spectrum most significant components for different cultures. It is well-known that color namings are an important phenomenon, reflecting the traditions and customs of different peoples. The authors have attempted to examine and describe the criteria for designating colors in a particular society, as well as to determine the role and place of this category in a language system.

Keywords: linguistic world view, national psychology, mentality features, meanings and symbols, the world of colors, phraseological units with color naming components.

A Linguistic and Sociolinguistic Appraisal of the Novel White Teeth by Zadie Smith

/
341 views

Abdul Wadood Khan

Assistant Professor, Department of English Language and Translation, College of Languages and Translation, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. ORCID : 0000-0003-1077-8361. Email: khanaw2003@gmail.com

 Volume 12, Number 5, 2020 I Full Text PDF

DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v12n5.rioc1s24n7

 Abstract

The multicultural novels of Zadie Smith, though fiction, invite linguists’ attention because of the efforts she makes to achieve dialectal and social accuracy. While Smith’s On Beauty (2005) is celebrated for its use of American Black English Vernacular; White Teeth: A Novel (2001) is acclaimed for its use of Cockney, Jamaican Creole, and youth language in London. In this linguistic review of White Teeth, specific features of the characters’ dialects are compared with standard versions of English. The impact of these speech patterns on the larger narrative is discussed. This study focuses especially on verbal inflections in the variety of dialects appropriated in the novel. It reviews the relevant research in the field of linguistic inflections and partial derivations with a view to comparing and contrasting their significance. This paper also debates the efficacy of existing sociolinguistic tools vis-à-vis a linguistically challenging work like White Teeth. The study aims at facilitating a better understanding of the linguistic features in Zadie Smith’s White Teeth and their literary use.

Keywords:  Dialect, speech inflections, White Teeth, Zadie Smith

1 2 3 4 5 6