Admin

Mythical Motifs in the Furniture of Elamite Civilization

//
226 views

Neshat Madadi,1 Hassan Ali Pourmand2 & Seyyedeh  Motahareh  Mousavi3

1Department of Public, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.

2Associate Professor, Faculty of art & architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran. Email: motaharehmousavi@yahoo.com

 Volume 12, Number 2, April-June, 2020 I Full Text PDF

DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v12n2.06

Abstract

Elamites the first founders of the kingdom in Iranian territory were the pioneers of the use of animal motifs in the design of Iranian furniture. Since their very inception up to their decline, they made use of such motifs as snake, lion, wild goat and duck in designing their furniture. The current essay aims at the identification of the causes of the application, culmination, and decline of these motifs in designing furniture, particularly ancient Elamite thrones. The present study is fundamental research given its objective and is qualitative and exploratory in view of its essence. Data collection is based on library studies. The results show that in Elamite civilization due to the sacredness of snake, this mythic creature is the most popular motif in designing furniture. Elamites in addition to snake used such alternative motifs as lion, wild goat, and duck which enjoyed religious and social acceptability. Such motifs were used by Elamite gods, kings or officials in religious rituals or ceremonies and the reflection of Elamite ideas in relation to these creatures is visible in the design of their furniture.

Keywords: Iranian Furniture, Motif, Elamite Civilization.

Realms of the Dead and the Living: George II’s Allegorical Presence, Politics of Nonsense and Ignorance in Henry Fielding’s The Author’s Farce

/
222 views

Samia AL-Shayban

Associate Professor, Department of English Language and Literature, College of Arts, King Saud University. ORCID ID:  0000-0003-3229-0834. Email: samia700@hotmail.com

 Volume 12, Number 2, April-June, 2020 I Full Text PDF

DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v12n2.05

Abstract

Ideologically, Fielding’s Author’s Farce is read as an attack on Sir Robert Walpole and his corrupt government.  Dramatically, it is perceived as a play with two separate plots, a factor that denies it any literary merits. This paper attempt to read Fielding’s play as a disguised multifaceted attack against King George II of England who is accused of deliberately corrupting London’ s literary scene to secure the Hanoverian hegemony. Fielding achieves his design through complex dramatization of the Realms of the dead and living. At the center of both realism stand George II who is metaphorically presented by the poor poet Luckless who resides in the land of the living and Nonsense the underworld goddess. The comparison between George Augustus who later became Prince of Wales and crowned as George II is based on detailed biographical and ideological similarities. The biographical and ideological affinities lead to the conclusion that King George II is the originator and protector of literary corruption. To strengthen the attack against the king, the court of Goddess Nonsense which appeared in Luckless’ play that depicts the land of the dead is connected to George II’s court through the prominent presence of opera and ignorance. Thus, Fielding’s literary dramatization is used as a medium to expose the role of the King in devaluing the English literary scene and turns it into a circus that makes the public ignorant with no literary taste and resigns authors to poverty. The scene is the result a deliberate tactics designed to disempower authors and public as a way to spread the Hanoverian hegemony and silence criticism of the corrupt political system.

 Keywords: Patriarchy, Margin, Center, George II, Power, Hobbes, Machiavelli.

Transport, Mobility and Mobile Groups in Bengal: Deconstructing Colonial Myths of Movement and Migration in the Eighteenth Century

//
238 views

Baijayanti Chatterjee

Assistant Professor of History, Seth Anandram Jaipuria College, Calcutta University.

ORCID: 0000-0003-1176-6557. Email: chatterjeebaijayanti@gmail.com

 Volume 12, Number 2, April-June, 2020 I Full Text PDF

DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v12n2.04

 Abstract

This article sets out to dismiss the European notion of a lazy and static Bengali perennially averse to movement, by looking at transport networks, mobility and mobile groups in eighteenth century Bengal. The article argues that Bengali society was highly mobile, owing to the presence of an efficient system of transport by land and water which sustained movement. The so-called ‘indolence’ of the Bengali and his reluctance for movement was in fact a ‘myth’ created by the Europeans with a vested interest to disparage native society and to justify European domination over Bengal.

 Keywords: Colonial myth-making, transport & mobility, eighteenth-century Bengal

Role of Code-Switching and Code-Mixing in Indigenous Communicative Contexts: A Study of The God of Small Things

//
307 views

Sangeeta Mukherjee1 & Devi Archana Mohanty2

1Senior Assistant Professor, VIT University, Tamil Nadu, India. Orcid: 0000-0002-5488-2876. Email:  sangeetamukherjee70@gmail.com

2Assistant Professor, NIET, Greater Noida, India. ORCID: 0000-0001-7103-7079. Email: devi1archana@gmail.com

 Volume 12, Number 2, April-June, 2020 I Full Text PDF

DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v12n2.03

 Abstract

Communicative strategies like code-switching and code-mixing have interested researchers the world over. These strategies have traversed from real life situations to creative writings to social networking domains and are dominant in bilingual or multi-lingual societies for multifarious reasons. While majority of the research was conducted in the spoken form from the real-life contexts, a few were directed towards the written forms in literary genres and computer-mediated communication. However, a significant gap becomes noticeable and needs to be explored in Indian English fiction where creative writers have dexterously used these communicative strategies. Keeping the above in mind, the present paper attempts to analyze the role of these strategies in indigenous interpersonal communicative contexts in Indian English fiction. The text chosen for this purpose is Arundhati Roy’s TheGod o Small Things and the analysis is based on the grammatical and pragmatic explanation of indigenous words which mostly belong to the area of interpersonal communication. The study shows how the author has skillfully used these strategies to unravel the indigenous cultural and social customs and mindset of the people within a particular indigenous community as well as the role-relationship between the interlocutors in a particular communicative context.

Keywords: Code-switching, code-mixing, code-retention, interpersonal communicative context, pragmatic markers.

Literary Recreation of the Colloquial Syntax in La Chanca by Juan Goytisolo

/
203 views

María Gómez Mesas1, Francisco J. Rodríguez Muñoz2

1 Department of Spanish Language and Literature, IES Los Ángeles, Almería, Spain

2Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almería, Spain, ORCID: 0000-0001-6071-509X. Email: frodriguez@ual.es

 Volume 12, Number 2, April-June, 2020 I Full Text PDF

DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v12n2.02

 Abstract

This paper examines the literary recreation of the colloquial modality in the novel by Juan Goytisolo La Chanca, claiming the syntax as a fundamental level of the stylistic analysis, which arises from a pragmatic-discursive perspective. Consequently, the study focuses on the colloquium syntax and applies the grid analysis developed by the Groupe Aixois de Recherche en Syntaxe. More specifically, attention is paid to the symmetry and enumeration figures, to the suspended statements, and to the cumulative syntax in the work. It is concluded that Goytisolo manages to recreate the colloquial modality in La Chanca, also from the syntactic perspective, capturing not only aspects that are characteristic of the phonetics, the morphology or the lexicon of the diatopic and diastratic variations represented, but also of the constructions which are typical of the colloquial conversation.

Keywords: colloquial syntax, grid analysis, Juan Goytisolo, La Chanca, literary recreation

A Medieval Woman Dares to Stand Up: Marie de France’s Criticism of the King and the Court

///
352 views

Albrecht Classen

University of Arizona, USA. ORCID: 0000-0002-3878-319X. Email:  aclassen@arizona.edu

 Volume 12, Number 2, April-June, 2020 I Full Text PDF

DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v12n2.01

 Abstract:

While medievalists have long recognized Marie de France’s extraordinary literary abilities, we have not yet fully identified the extent to which she stood up as a social critic who attacked many social ills within her society, not holding back in her sharp attacks both against the figure of the king and against the powerful nobles of her time. Only if we combine her lais and her fables in our analysis, can we gain a full understanding of the far-reaching discourse about the danger of abuse of power at the hand of the mighty and rich in the high Middle Ages. Although we tend to identify that past era as deeply remote from us, as repressive, simple-minded, and submissive, Marie’s strong criticism of the abuses by the high-ranking contemporaries sheds important light on a world that was not really that far away from us in many different ways, with many intellectuals already extensively aware about social injustice and the danger of tyranny.

Keywords: Marie de France, court criticism, criticism of the king, lais, fables

Poems by Himadri Lahiri

/
157 views

Himadri Lahiri is former Professor, Department of English and Culture Studies, University of Burdwan, West Bengal. Currently, he is Professor of English at the School of Humanities, Netaji Subhas Open University, Kolkata. He has written extensively on Diaspora Studies, Postcolonial Studies and Indian English Literature. His latest publication is Diaspora Theory and Transnationalism (Hyderabad: Orient Blackswan, 2019).  Contemporary Indian English Poetry and Drama (Newcastle on Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2019), co-edited by him, has also been published recently. He writes book reviews for newspapers and academic journals. Contact: hlahiri@gmail.com


Special Collection: Creativity in the Time of the Pandemic 2020>>

The Stranded

The last bus has left the city.
It’s lockdown now.
Why then are you waiting there
with the teeming multitude
from all corners of my country?

A new phrase perhaps – perhaps you didn’t understand.
Or you might have missed the Word
that thundered overhead – loud and clear:
Clear out, clear off!
The annus horribilis on the prowl
and no victory in sight –
On earth, in the sky or on the waters!

Laxmi the maid
who noticed last December
a strange pigmentation in the sky
and dreamt of locusts in the field
is stuck up in the metropolis.

And the last bus has left the city.

 

Before We Go to Sleep

The locks on the door rattle in restless wind
blowing across the Himalayas.
Inside the gated space
the sane acts insane.
Someone swats at flies invisible,
one crawls on all fours on the muddy floor,
some try how not to act patriots,
one, mad as a hatter, even climbs a podium
from there to announce:
Physician, heal thyself!

Now that we are all shut up
Locked indeed in our own sanatoriums
With no hope of parole
We can hear stomping feet outside!

Who indeed are the ones who stomp outside with heavy boots?
Who beats his own trumpet and threaten retaliation?
The panacea must arrive from the land of herbs and spices!
Who are the ones to announce modifications
and clang metals and burst crackers
to drive away the evil?

Now that we’re inside,
is it growing gloomy?
With a little bit of yoga or some tidbits
we try resistance.

Some of us sleepwalk in dim daylight!

We imagine peacocks in full arrogance in open roads and isolated buildings.
In fading daylight we hear songs of dolphins from distant waters –
are they not singing to us?
Can we then dream of dancing in the sun, hand in hand?
Can we really dream of purged egos and uncontaminated minds
before we go to sleep, finally?

Published on April 18, 2020. © Author. 

Poems by Cyril Dabydeen

/
561 views

Cyril Dabydeen’s work has appeared in over 60 literary mags and anthologies, including Poetry (Chicago), Prairie Schooner (US), The Critical Quarterly (UK), Canadian Literature, and the Oxford, Penguin and Heinemann Books of Caribbean Verse and Fiction. Published 20 books of prose and poetry—the latest being God’s Spider (Peepal Tree Press, UK)  He is a former Poet Laureate of Ottawa (1984-87). He has taught Creative Writing at the University of Ottawa for many years. He is of indentured Indian heritage born in Guyana, S. America. Contact: cdabydeen@ncf.ca


Special Collection: Creativity in the Time of the Pandemic 2020>>

A Life Of Crows
Whoever we may have become
watching the crows circling
the house and making
loud cawing noises.
A caterwaul, believe me, sounds
for whoever else is listening,
as my neighbour said it’s only
about those dying.
He would take his dog outside
and look out for everyone—
what the crows know best,
birds’ ways no less, or it’s about
something else as ethologists
like Konrad Lorenz couldn’t tell.
Words left unsaid—
about my neighbour, Manuel,
long gone, broken by illness—
crows looking over now.

 

HEART & LUNGS

The air we breathe is what the lungs
know about, what the ancient Greeks
or the Pharaohs contemplated best
more than Harvey of blood circulation.
Oh the heart and knowing what else
the rib cage tells us about, a distinct
rhythm only I will contend with,
like Odysseus, or some other
I’ve considered less about at
odd moments in distant places,
the imagination indeed, or being
Homer again with mythology.
Ithaca I will aim for, returning
home where I consider brain cells
and start humming to myself
about the liver, kidneys, spleen;
and veins, arteries, aorta, the alveoli,
bronchial tubes as I breathe harder
making sure I’m one step closer
to my own creative self, I know,
but resorting to valves; and those
who will come after with gadgets,
a doctor’s tools yet hanging around
the neck I will again dwell upon
in my own way with a mighty
heave, not unlike real drama
played out on stage, bloodlust
being tragedy from the start.

 

PAEAN

My vessel, your vessel,
speaking in tongues,
my face close to yours

bending forward,
thighs uncorrupted,
feet splayed out

my voice in your ears,
this moment only–
lips pasted together

laughter I hear again,
with more praise,
a tryst starting over

heaving in, time’s
foreshadowing—
the night’s reckoning

what’s yet to come,
beckoning to you–
hands linked together

more than I care to tell
about being who we are,
with everlasting love

 

PRISM

This is a crepuscular time,
dark shades in between,
sun being harnessed–
the formidable heat
in the display of green,
ochre, mystery once again.

Looking around, insides
turned out, vermilion hues;
a body pouring out
this moment when all else
is happening–

Eyes, hands & feet,
further blinking,
somersaulting shadows

And with our salted
brows, the body turning–
a sulphurous sun in
my midst, beating down
from the mirageous
sea of sky.

Poems by Sobia Kiran

/
161 views

Sobia Kiran is a Ph.D. Humanities student at York University, Toronto, Canada. She loves reading, writing and expressing herself in writing poetry, stories and essays. She has published research articles in several journals.

More info about her publications: https://lcwu.academia.edu/SKiran.

Contact: sobiakiran@yahoo.com


Special Collection: Creativity in the Time of the Pandemic 2020>>

The Last Party

What a joy it was!
Having a party with friends
Celebrating the union
Spending nights out
Treats in the hotels
Camping in the parks
Touring the city
New York…
The city bustling with life
What a fun it was!
Little did he know
The slight fever
The mild cough
Would get so rough
Within a week
He couldn’t breathe
Ventilators couldn’t help
Two other friends also suffered
The painful disease…
No longer able to meet
Or
To see one another
Last moments spent alone
Yearning for the loved ones
Till ecstasy of sleep
Changed into death

Daddy! Wake Up

Bold and Brave
In the face of virus
That knows no cure
He fought for life…
Life of others
Those who suffered
Helpless, breathless
Gasping for life
He was on the frontline
Attending his patients
Day and night
Tireless, restless
He could not go home
His daughter would call
“Daddy! I miss you”
“Daddy! Come home”
Working on the frontline
He fought with the knowledge
Of immanent death…
Sooner or later
He would be a martyr
Like many of his colleagues
Who loved and served
but
Became ill and suffered
He could not go home
He suffered silently and alone
Talking with his loved ones
On the phone
Soon this changed
He could not talk on phone
He was on machines
Breathless, speechless
Video call could show a silent face
His daughter begged
His daughter pleaded
“Daddy! Wake up
Daddy! Wake up”

March Break

We planned for long
To visit France
To visit its museums
To enjoy its galleries
To relish its cuisine
To see the Eiffel Tower
We enjoyed our flight
We loved our stay
Every moment
Exhilarating and exuberating
Suddenly!
Things began to change
We had to rush back
In the immanent lockdown
Nothing was the same…
Happiness changed into fear
Vacation into isolation
Social distancing and quarantine
Until the world would get vaccine
The roads got empty
The malls got closed
Dinner parties postponed
Conferences cancelled
Jobs started from home
Education went online
Meetings became virtual
Relations became visual
Everything changed
Formal or casual
In new mode of life

Poems by Frank G. Karioris

/
96 views

Frank G. Karioris (he/they/him/them) is a writer and educator based in Pittsburgh whose writing addresses issues of friendship, masculinity, and gender. They are Visiting Lecturer at the University of Pittsburgh. Their academic work has appeared, amongst others, in the Journal of Gender Studies, Journal of Men’s Studies, and Culture Unbound. Their poetic work has appeared or is forthcoming in Pittsburgh Poetry Journal, Collective Unrest, Maudlin House, Sooth Swarm Journal, and Crêpe & Penn amongst others. They are a regular contributor to Headline Poetry & Press.


Special Collection: Creativity in the Time of the Pandemic 2020>>

Finding joy during the pandemic

Bacon in the oven,
& biscuits by a sister & friend
& gravy made on the stove.

If I told you this
as a way of shining light
on the sharing of love,

think more of those
actions you have done
to be together as

couples, as family,
as kin born outside of blood
but made in life.

Day 6: A woman across the alley

Standing on the small back balcony,
            overlooking in the distance the Sears,
a woman across the alley & up her back patio
            is wearing a face mask & blue plastic gloves.

She stands in her white bathroom, putting
            a bag of something into a bin
before              heading
            back inside briefly,
leaving the door fully             open.

Walking down, to take out the boxes
to the recycling can, in blue,
            the deck for the apartment below
is littered with
            cut chunks of hazel hair.

This, they must think, is the way to find
a cure, a moment outside of the times
                                                we were together.

Aubade for my students in a pandemic

Each morning I wake up
& each morning I have another
email from students with their
stories of difficulty & pain.

Each morning I send them
my positive thoughts & tell
them that they are right &
valid in the disquiet & grief.

Each morning I tell them
to try & take time to relax,
whatever that might look
like for them in these days.

Each morning I see it, getting
worse with more dead & ill,
& fear taking over greater parts
of each of our consciousness.

Each morning I wake next
to someone I care about & worry
what will happen to them, us,
in the coming days, weeks, months.

Each morning I try to put these
worries to the back of my head,
to let them float away quietly
so that I may send my students words
of kindness, gentleness, & support.

Each morning I know they are
worse off than before & I have less ability
to sooth or help them through what will
pock their lives, today & tomorrow.

Pieces elegiac, pt 3

Compress those
            touches

into yourself.

            *
Touch sky’s
            lightning

to keep yourself.

            *
Oh bodies,
            they are more difficult

than we know.

            *
Sand fallen
                                    & fallow
the shore is further afield

            *
Excitement over joy
                        to be spilled

on tables & over coffee,

            *
A pinhole eye,

            spiral phonograph

plays on.

 
Watching her paint // joy

Hold it in your hands,
   those blues & whites that
overshadow the
  midnight sky out the window.

Touch it with your
            fingers where rain
kisses ground
     & bricks meet mortar.

Those black & white
photos of Picasso
            which seemed so
out of place
     hold my mind now with
depth & wonder
          & I wonder what worlds
you are opening.

A old ceramic white
water jug
            now streaked
with a small crack
    holds all the brushes face down
waiting to return to canvas.

Published on April 18, 2020. © Author.

1 81 82 83 84 85 160