Linguistics - Page 2

A Comparative and Contrastive Study of Arabic and English Metonymic Expressions

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Omar Abdullah Al-Haj Eid 1, Mohammed Nour Abu-Gub 2 & Halla Shureteh 3
1Faculty of Educational Sciences and Arts, UNRWA University
2University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
3Hashemite University, Jordan
Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.14
[Article History: Received: 06 January 2023. Revised: 30 July 2023. Accepted: 24 August 2023. Published: 26 August 2023]
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Abstract

This study explores Arabic and English metonymy’s literary, semantic, lexical, and aesthetic aspects. It investigates metonymy as a figure of speech and compares its types and functions in the two languages. The study confirms that metonymy is culture-bound – that is the meanings of metonymies derive from the socio-cultural values of societies and can’t be separated from the contexts in which they occur. The study stresses the significance of considering the relationship between the two entities in addition to the socio-cultural background in the analysis of metonymies. The study also demonstrates how, in English, metonymy overlaps with other figures of speech, above all metaphor and synecdoche. This analytical study contributes to a better understanding of metonymy. It compares the definitions, classifications, functions, and points of similarities and differences in the two languages for all learners of Arabic and English as second or foreign languages.

Keywords: metonymic expressions, trope, literal meaning, nonliteral meaning, culture-bound, society
Citation: Eid, Omar Abdullah Al-Haj, Mohammed Nour Abu-Gub & Halla Shureteh. 2023. A Comparative/Contrastive Study of Arabic and English Metonymic Expressions. Rupkatha Journal 15:3. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.14 

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Types of Code-switching among Young Adults with Bilingualism

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Ruba S 1, Prabhu S 2, Kala Samayan 3
1,2,3 Department of Audiology & Speech Language Pathology, SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai-603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.08
[Article History: Received: 17 May 2023. Revised: 19 August 2023. Accepted: 19 August 2023. Published: 20 August 2023.]
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Abstract

The present study aimed to analyse and compare various forms of code-switching among adult male and female Tamil-English bilinguals. This research involved thirty bilingual (Tamil and English) adults between the ages of 18 and 25. Each participant was given an updated version of the cookie-theft picture and asked to describe it in Tamil. The various kinds of code-switching, such as tag switching, intra-sentential switching, and inter-sentential switching, were identified through the data analysis. Results indicated that language switching occurs more frequently between phrases and that female participants exhibit code-switching significantly higher than male participants, particularly in tag switching. The study findings can help linguists and speech-language pathologists understand the various types of code-switching employed by Tamil-English bilinguals. However, a larger population needs to be studied for further investigation.

Keywords: Code-switching, Bilingualism, Intra-sentential switching, Inter-sentential switching, Tag switching.
[Sustainable Development Goals: Quality Education]
Citation: S, Ruba, Prabhu S, Kala Samayan. 2023. Types of Code-switching among Young Adults with Bilingualism. Rupkatha Journal 15:3. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.08

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Phonological idiosyncrasies of the Southern Sorsogon dialect in Bulan, Philippines

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Dominic Bryan S. San Jose 1 & John Gerald A. Pilar 2
1,2University of Negros Occidental-Recoletos, Philippines
Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.05
[Article History: Received: 15 June 2023. Revised: 04 August 2023. Accepted: 09 August 2023. Published: 20 August 2023.]
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Abstract

This research sought to examine the Southern Sorsogon (Sso) dialect’s distinctive phonetic features in Bulan, Philippines. In the urban and rural communities of Bulan in the province of Sorsogon, six native speakers were specifically selected based on the selection criteria. The qualitative text analysis approach used in this study was based on the transcripts of in-person interviews and other contacts between the researchers and native speakers. The Sso dialect’s segmental sounds and phonological characteristics were examined to unravel its phonetic characteristics. Read more>>

Keywords: Bikol, Bikolano, segmental sound, phonological idiosyncrasy, Southern Sorsogon dialect
[Sustainable Development Goals: Quality Education]
Citation: Jose, Dominic Bryan S. San, John Gerald A. Pilar. 2023. Phonological idiosyncrasies of the Southern Sorsogon dialect in Bulan, Philippines. Rupkatha Journal 15:3. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.05 

Neoclassicism in Bangla Word Formation Processes

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Tanushree Sarkar  
Department of English (H&S), Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Hyderabad.
Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.03
[Article History: Received: 13 February 2023. Revised: 08 August 2023. Accepted: 09 August 2023. Published: 14 August 2023.]
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Abstract

In this paper, I examine the notion of neoclassical word formation in Bangla and attempt to account for all the morpho-phonological interactions of both neoclassical and native Bangla word formation processes under the framework of Rule-based Phonology. The paper has both descriptive and theoretical goals. Bangla has a vast lexicon and a rich morphological system. The abundance of the classical Sanskrit language entities makes it interesting to explore the word formation processes and observe the morphophonological interactions in light of Neoclassicism. The words and affixes in Bangla have been divided into: a) Tadbhava and b) Tatsama c) Deshi (Native) and d) Videshi (Foreign). I study the different word formation processes in Bangla affixes. A rule-based account has been given to account for the morphophonological changes and bring out the essence of Neoclassicism in the Bangla lexicon and contribute towards the study of Bangla phonology and morphology.

Keywords: Bangla, Neoclassical, Morphophonology, Tatsama, Tadbhava
[Sustainable Development Goals: Quality Education]
Citation: Sarkar, Tanushree. 2023. Neoclassicism in Bangla Word Formation Processes. Rupkatha Journal 15:3. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.03 

Contrasting Approaches to Language, Meaning, and Knowledge in Advaita Vedanta and the Western Literary Traditions

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Aayushee Garg  
Ph.D. in English, Assistant Professor at Amity School of Languages, Amity University, Lucknow.

Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.02
[Article History: Received: 12 February 2023. Revised: 08 August 2023. Accepted: 12 August 2023. Published: 14 August 2023]
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 Abstract

The present research article undertakes a comprehensive examination of contrasting approaches to language and meaning, topics that have engendered contemplation and discourse across a range of disciplines including literature, philosophy, and linguistics. The article commences by delving into the foundational disparities between Indian and Western literary theories concerning the intricate relationship binding knowledge and meaning. While the Western tradition concentrates predominantly on interpreting textual meaning, treating literary works as subjects for analysis and critique, the Indian tradition perceives concepts and ideas within texts as indirect indicators of reality and self-realization. The ancient Indian school of thought, Advaita Vednata, presents a distinctive viewpoint on the dynamic interplay between language and meaning. The article further dissects the distinct attributes of the seemingly paradoxical and contradictory language prevalent in classical Indian texts. Through this exploration, it strives to uncover the methodology of constructing meaning as employed within the framework of Advaita Vednata. This analysis is juxtaposed against the approach to linguistic interpretation prevalent in the Western literary tradition—a tradition largely rooted in the empirical world. Advaita Vedanta places significance on direct experience or anubhava, prioritizing it over transmitted knowledge, and acknowledges that the true essence of the self transcends human comprehension. By navigating the quandary of defining literary language, elucidating the process of meaning-making in Western literary theory, delving into Advaita Vednata philosophy, and studying the role of language in representing the essence of the self, this research aspires to contribute meaningfully to the ongoing discourse in the areas of literary criticism and philosophical studies.

Keywords: Language, meaning, self-realization, knowledge, Advaita Vednata.
[Sustainable Development Goals: Quality Education]
Citation: Garg, Aayushee. 2023. Contrasting Approaches to Language, Meaning, and Knowledge in Advaita Vedanta and the Western Literary Traditions. Rupkatha Journal 15:3. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.02.

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What is Performance Studies?

Richard Schechner Tisch School of the Arts, New York University  Download PDF Version Because performance studies is so broad-ranging and

Narrative Perspective and Imagined Space: Understanding Japanese-American Experience in Hawaii through Murayama’s Fiction

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Kristiawan Indriyanto1, Esra Perangin-angin2 & Tan Michael Chandra3
1Faculty of Teacher Training and Education: Universitas Prima Indonesia. ORCID: 0000-0001-7827-2506. Email: kristiawanindriyanto@unprimdn.ac.id
2Faculty of Teacher Training and Education: Universitas Prima Indonesia. ORCID: 0000-0003-4240-7071. Email: esraperanginangin@unprimdn.ac.id
3Vocational College: Universitas Pignatelli Triputra. ORCID: 0009-0006-2226-0585. Email: michael.chandra@upitra.ac.id

[Received May 23 2023, modified 28 July 2023, accepted 28 July 2023, first published 29 July 2023]

Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n2.25
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Abstract
This paper contextualizes the intricate relationship between language, culture, and place in Milton Murayama’s All I am Asking for is My Body, underlining the dynamic of the Japanese-American diasporic experience in Hawaii. The econarratological analysis delves into the spatial representation and homodiegetic narration employed by Murayama to immerse readers in the plantation labor experience and the linguistic landscapes of Hawaii. The study examines the complex dynamics between Standard English and Hawaiian Creole English (HCE) in Murayama’s work, highlighting their role in shaping the cultural and linguistic identity of the characters. By employing immersive textual cues, such as vivid descriptive imagery and the strategic use of language styles, Murayama creates a mental model of narratives that accurately depicts the historicity of the Nikkei community, focusing on the plantation labor experience. This paper argues that the deliberate blending of Standard English and HCE in Murayama’s fiction enhances readers’ engagement and understanding of the Nikkei experience and contributes to broader discussions on language, culture, and identity within the context of diaspora literature.

Keywords: econarratology, Hawaii, language and place, Japanese-American literature, story world.

[Sustainable Development Goals: Reduced Inequalities]

Echo Construction and Ad hoc Categories: Semantics of Group Reference in Magahi

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Chandan Kumar
Assistant Professor, Christ University, India. ORCID: 0000-0003-0427-9179. Email: chandan.kumar@christuniversity.in

[Received February 03 2023, modified 24 May 2023, accepted 25 July 2023, first published 27 July 2023]

Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n2.22
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Abstract
Recent studies in the domain of heterogeneous plural indicate homogeneous and heterogeneous categories as two separate functional mechanisms. Given the strategic usage of language, the paper locates the pluralizing strategies in speech context and investigates their interpretive nature from the perspective of (non)/restrictive parametric features of categories like associative (APL), similative (SPL) and definite plural in Magahi (ISO639-2 mag), an Indo-Aryan language. Focusing on variables within members of the ad hoc set over the speech act variables like context, intersubjectivity, and culture, the paper endeavours to perceive pluralizing as a strategic approach that extends beyond the realm of mere a number reference. It closely observes the phenomenon of homogeneous and heterogeneous plurality and makes the following claims: (a) echo construction functions as heterogeneous plural in Magahi, (b) the heterogeneous plural falls within the parametric feature of nominal plurality, (c) there is heterogeneity in the homogeneous sets, thus, pluralizing is beyond plural, (d) SPL and APL are two categories because of their interpretational differences and not because of operational, and (e) APLs can have describable references.

Keywords: Ad hoc category, Pluralizing strategy, Echo-word, Associative, Similative, Indo-Aryan, Magahi

Understanding the Urhobo Tonal Structure through Constraint-Based Framework

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Don Chukwuemeka Utulu1, Emuobonuvie Maria Ajiboye2, Irene Eloho Edojaimoni3

1Senior Lecturer, Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Arts, Delta State University, Abraka. ORCID: 0000-0002-4908-1839. Email: dcutulu@delsu.edu.ng  

2Lecturer, Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Arts, Delta State University, Abraka. ORCID: 0000-0003-0254-1532. Email: ajiboye@delsu.edu.ng

3Graduate Assistant, Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Arts, Delta State University, Abraka. Email: edojaimoni@delsu.edu.ng

Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 2, June 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n2.02
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Abstract 

Urhobo is a southwest Edoid language spoken in southern Nigeria. Its tonal patterns have been studied, but from a descriptive perspective, which, from a theoretical standpoint, potentially limits the understanding that tonal deviations from underlying forms are essentially due to resolutions of conflicts between some competing constraints. This study adopts the Optimality Theory (OT) to reveal the competing universal constraints: IDENT-T, MAX-T; NoFUSION; LINEARITY; DISASSOC; ALIGN-R CONTOUR; OCP; SPECIFY-T; *FLOAT; and NoCONTOUR. The study shows that these constraints crucially govern the Urhobo tonal patterns such as (i) downstep; (ii) single multiply-linked high (H) tone; (iii) single multiply-linked low (L) tone; (iv) boundary H.H and L.L tones fusion; (v); H-tone preservation; (vi) LH-tone preservation; (vii) floating H tone; and, (viii) final HL contour tone. Moreover, it highlights two Urhobo -specific tonal alternations listed in (v) and (vi), which exhibit preservation of H and LH tones at the expense of L tone, post-lexically. Consequently, it proposes four markedness constraints NoH.L-T, NoL.H-T, NoH.LH-T, and NoL. to explain the preservation effects. Our findings support phonologists’ view that, cross-linguistically, universal (and language-specific) constraints are those that motivate tonal deviations from input forms in tone languages, and that minimally marked tonal outputs are the result of markedness dominance over faithfulness.

Keywords: Downstep, Fusion, H-tone preservation, OT constraints, Urhobo

Article History: Submitted 11 Nov 2022, modified 27 May 2023, accepted 28 May 2023, first
published 01 June 2023

Language Contestation on The Virtual Linguistic Landscape of The Government Website of Bali, Indonesia

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I Made Suta Paramarta1, Ketut Artawa2, Made Sri Satyawati2, Ketut Widya Purnawati2, Putu Eka Dambayana Suputra1, Putu Ayu Prabawati Sudana1

1Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Bali, Indonesia. 2Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia. Corresponding Email: suta.paramarta@undiksha.ac.id

Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 14, Issue 3, September-October 2022, Pages 1–12. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v14n3.19

First published: October 20, 2022 | Area: Linguistics| License: CC BY-NC 4.0

(This article is published under Volume 14, Number 3, 2022)
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Language Contestation on The Virtual Linguistic Landscape of The Government Website of Bali, Indonesia

Abstract

National, local, and international language contestation in Bali has been the government’s concern. The national language policy places Indonesian in the most prominent position, and the local regulation allegedly focuses on the Balinese salience. While most linguistic landscape (LL) research in Bali is conducted on physical LL, few have been conducted on the virtual linguistic landscape (VLL) setting. This study shows the language contestation of Indonesian, Balinese, and foreign languages on the official website of the government of Bali province. Furthermore, the analysis was based on the language contestation point of view and Bakhtinian’s centripetal and centrifugal forces. The results showed that the Indonesian language is the most dominant. Additionally, the Balinese language functions to convey Bali’s identity, and foreign languages play an important role in informational functions for viewers. The Indonesian language represents the centripetal force of centralization, and the existence of Balinese and foreign languages shows the centrifugal force indexes the decentralization efforts.

Keywords: virtual linguistic landscape, language contestation, centripetal force, centrifugal force

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Modern Linguistic Technologies: Strategy for Teaching Translation Studies

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Bilous O1, Mishchenko A2, Datska T3, Ivanenko N4, Kit L5, Piankovska I6 & Vereshchak Y7

1PhD, Full-Professor of German at the Department of Translation, Applied and General Linguistics, Dean of the School of Foreign Languages, Department of Translation, Applied and General Linguistics, the School of Foreign Languages, Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University, Ukraine.

2Phd, Full-Professor of German, Department of Translation, Applied and General Linguistics, the School of Foreign Languages, Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University, Ukraine.

3Doctor of Philosophy, Associate Professor, Department of the English Language and Methods of Teaching, Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University, Ukraine.

4Doctor of Philosophy, Associate Professor, Department of the English Language and Methods of Teaching, Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University, Ukraine.

5German Language Instructor, Department of Translation, Applied and General Linguistics, Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University, Ukraine.

6Doctor of Philosophy, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of the German Language and Methodology of Teaching, Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University, Ukraine.

7English Language Instructor, Department of Translation, Applied and General Linguistics, the School of Foreign Languages, Language Center Director, Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University, Ukraine.

Corresponding e-mail: gridina-98@bk.ru

Volume 13, Number 4, 2021 I Full-Text PDF

DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v13n4.65

Abstract

How often students use IT resources is a key factor in the acquisition of skills associated to the new technologies. Strategies aimed at increasing student autonomy need to be developed and should offer resources that encourage them to make use of computing tools in class hours. The analysis of the modern linguistic technologies, concerning intellectual language processing necessary for the creation and function of the highly effective technologies of knowledge operation was considered in the paper under consideration. Computerization of the information sphere has triggered extensive search for solving the problem of the use of natural language mechanisms in automated systems of various types. One of them was creating Controlled languages based on a set of features which made machine translation more refined. Triggered by the economic demand, they are not artificial languages like Esperanto, but natural simplified languages, in terms of vocabulary, grammatical and syntactic structures. More than ever, the tasks of modern computer linguistics behold creating software for natural language processing, information retrieval in large data sets, support of technical authors in the process of creating professional texts and users of computer technology, hence creating new translation tools. Such powerful linguistic resources as corpora of texts, terminology databases and ontologies may facilitate more efficient use of modern multilingual information technology. Creating and improving all methods considered will help make the job of a translator more efficient. One of the programs, CLAT does not aim at producing machine translation, but allows technical editors to create flawless, sequential professional texts through integrated punctuation and spelling modules. Other programs under consideration are to be implemented in Ukrainian translation departments.  Moreover, the databases considered in the paper enable studying of the dynamics of the linguistic system and developing areas of applied research such as terminography, terminology, automated data processing etc. Effective cooperation of developers, translators and declarative institutes in the creation of innovative linguistic technologies will promote further development of translation and applied linguistics.

Keywords: computer linguistics, linguistic technology, teaching, machine translation, integrated translation tools, CLAT technology.

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