Linguistics - Page 2

Neoclassicism in Bangla Word Formation Processes

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Tanushree Sarkar  
Department of English (H&S), Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Hyderabad.
Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.03
[Article History: Received: 13 February 2023. Revised: 08 August 2023. Accepted: 09 August 2023. Published: 14 August 2023.]
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Abstract

In this paper, I examine the notion of neoclassical word formation in Bangla and attempt to account for all the morpho-phonological interactions of both neoclassical and native Bangla word formation processes under the framework of Rule-based Phonology. The paper has both descriptive and theoretical goals. Bangla has a vast lexicon and a rich morphological system. The abundance of the classical Sanskrit language entities makes it interesting to explore the word formation processes and observe the morphophonological interactions in light of Neoclassicism. The words and affixes in Bangla have been divided into: a) Tadbhava and b) Tatsama c) Deshi (Native) and d) Videshi (Foreign). I study the different word formation processes in Bangla affixes. A rule-based account has been given to account for the morphophonological changes and bring out the essence of Neoclassicism in the Bangla lexicon and contribute towards the study of Bangla phonology and morphology.

Keywords: Bangla, Neoclassical, Morphophonology, Tatsama, Tadbhava
[Sustainable Development Goals: Quality Education]
Citation: Sarkar, Tanushree. 2023. Neoclassicism in Bangla Word Formation Processes. Rupkatha Journal 15:3. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.03 

Contrasting Approaches to Language, Meaning, and Knowledge in Advaita Vedanta and the Western Literary Traditions

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Aayushee Garg  
Ph.D. in English, Assistant Professor at Amity School of Languages, Amity University, Lucknow.

Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.02
[Article History: Received: 12 February 2023. Revised: 08 August 2023. Accepted: 12 August 2023. Published: 14 August 2023]
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 Abstract

The present research article undertakes a comprehensive examination of contrasting approaches to language and meaning, topics that have engendered contemplation and discourse across a range of disciplines including literature, philosophy, and linguistics. The article commences by delving into the foundational disparities between Indian and Western literary theories concerning the intricate relationship binding knowledge and meaning. While the Western tradition concentrates predominantly on interpreting textual meaning, treating literary works as subjects for analysis and critique, the Indian tradition perceives concepts and ideas within texts as indirect indicators of reality and self-realization. The ancient Indian school of thought, Advaita Vednata, presents a distinctive viewpoint on the dynamic interplay between language and meaning. The article further dissects the distinct attributes of the seemingly paradoxical and contradictory language prevalent in classical Indian texts. Through this exploration, it strives to uncover the methodology of constructing meaning as employed within the framework of Advaita Vednata. This analysis is juxtaposed against the approach to linguistic interpretation prevalent in the Western literary tradition—a tradition largely rooted in the empirical world. Advaita Vedanta places significance on direct experience or anubhava, prioritizing it over transmitted knowledge, and acknowledges that the true essence of the self transcends human comprehension. By navigating the quandary of defining literary language, elucidating the process of meaning-making in Western literary theory, delving into Advaita Vednata philosophy, and studying the role of language in representing the essence of the self, this research aspires to contribute meaningfully to the ongoing discourse in the areas of literary criticism and philosophical studies.

Keywords: Language, meaning, self-realization, knowledge, Advaita Vednata.
[Sustainable Development Goals: Quality Education]
Citation: Garg, Aayushee. 2023. Contrasting Approaches to Language, Meaning, and Knowledge in Advaita Vedanta and the Western Literary Traditions. Rupkatha Journal 15:3. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.02.

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Narrative Perspective and Imagined Space: Understanding Japanese-American Experience in Hawaii through Murayama’s Fiction

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237 views

Kristiawan Indriyanto1, Esra Perangin-angin2 & Tan Michael Chandra3
1Faculty of Teacher Training and Education: Universitas Prima Indonesia. ORCID: 0000-0001-7827-2506. Email: kristiawanindriyanto@unprimdn.ac.id
2Faculty of Teacher Training and Education: Universitas Prima Indonesia. ORCID: 0000-0003-4240-7071. Email: esraperanginangin@unprimdn.ac.id
3Vocational College: Universitas Pignatelli Triputra. ORCID: 0009-0006-2226-0585. Email: michael.chandra@upitra.ac.id

[Received May 23 2023, modified 28 July 2023, accepted 28 July 2023, first published 29 July 2023]

Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n2.25
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Abstract
This paper contextualizes the intricate relationship between language, culture, and place in Milton Murayama’s All I am Asking for is My Body, underlining the dynamic of the Japanese-American diasporic experience in Hawaii. The econarratological analysis delves into the spatial representation and homodiegetic narration employed by Murayama to immerse readers in the plantation labor experience and the linguistic landscapes of Hawaii. The study examines the complex dynamics between Standard English and Hawaiian Creole English (HCE) in Murayama’s work, highlighting their role in shaping the cultural and linguistic identity of the characters. By employing immersive textual cues, such as vivid descriptive imagery and the strategic use of language styles, Murayama creates a mental model of narratives that accurately depicts the historicity of the Nikkei community, focusing on the plantation labor experience. This paper argues that the deliberate blending of Standard English and HCE in Murayama’s fiction enhances readers’ engagement and understanding of the Nikkei experience and contributes to broader discussions on language, culture, and identity within the context of diaspora literature.

Keywords: econarratology, Hawaii, language and place, Japanese-American literature, story world.

[Sustainable Development Goals: Reduced Inequalities]

Echo Construction and Ad hoc Categories: Semantics of Group Reference in Magahi

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275 views

Chandan Kumar
Assistant Professor, Christ University, India. ORCID: 0000-0003-0427-9179. Email: chandan.kumar@christuniversity.in

[Received February 03 2023, modified 24 May 2023, accepted 25 July 2023, first published 27 July 2023]

Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n2.22
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Abstract
Recent studies in the domain of heterogeneous plural indicate homogeneous and heterogeneous categories as two separate functional mechanisms. Given the strategic usage of language, the paper locates the pluralizing strategies in speech context and investigates their interpretive nature from the perspective of (non)/restrictive parametric features of categories like associative (APL), similative (SPL) and definite plural in Magahi (ISO639-2 mag), an Indo-Aryan language. Focusing on variables within members of the ad hoc set over the speech act variables like context, intersubjectivity, and culture, the paper endeavours to perceive pluralizing as a strategic approach that extends beyond the realm of mere a number reference. It closely observes the phenomenon of homogeneous and heterogeneous plurality and makes the following claims: (a) echo construction functions as heterogeneous plural in Magahi, (b) the heterogeneous plural falls within the parametric feature of nominal plurality, (c) there is heterogeneity in the homogeneous sets, thus, pluralizing is beyond plural, (d) SPL and APL are two categories because of their interpretational differences and not because of operational, and (e) APLs can have describable references.

Keywords: Ad hoc category, Pluralizing strategy, Echo-word, Associative, Similative, Indo-Aryan, Magahi

Understanding the Urhobo Tonal Structure through Constraint-Based Framework

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436 views

Don Chukwuemeka Utulu1, Emuobonuvie Maria Ajiboye2, Irene Eloho Edojaimoni3

1Senior Lecturer, Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Arts, Delta State University, Abraka. ORCID: 0000-0002-4908-1839. Email: dcutulu@delsu.edu.ng  

2Lecturer, Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Arts, Delta State University, Abraka. ORCID: 0000-0003-0254-1532. Email: ajiboye@delsu.edu.ng

3Graduate Assistant, Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Arts, Delta State University, Abraka. Email: edojaimoni@delsu.edu.ng

Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 2, June 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n2.02
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Abstract 

Urhobo is a southwest Edoid language spoken in southern Nigeria. Its tonal patterns have been studied, but from a descriptive perspective, which, from a theoretical standpoint, potentially limits the understanding that tonal deviations from underlying forms are essentially due to resolutions of conflicts between some competing constraints. This study adopts the Optimality Theory (OT) to reveal the competing universal constraints: IDENT-T, MAX-T; NoFUSION; LINEARITY; DISASSOC; ALIGN-R CONTOUR; OCP; SPECIFY-T; *FLOAT; and NoCONTOUR. The study shows that these constraints crucially govern the Urhobo tonal patterns such as (i) downstep; (ii) single multiply-linked high (H) tone; (iii) single multiply-linked low (L) tone; (iv) boundary H.H and L.L tones fusion; (v); H-tone preservation; (vi) LH-tone preservation; (vii) floating H tone; and, (viii) final HL contour tone. Moreover, it highlights two Urhobo -specific tonal alternations listed in (v) and (vi), which exhibit preservation of H and LH tones at the expense of L tone, post-lexically. Consequently, it proposes four markedness constraints NoH.L-T, NoL.H-T, NoH.LH-T, and NoL. to explain the preservation effects. Our findings support phonologists’ view that, cross-linguistically, universal (and language-specific) constraints are those that motivate tonal deviations from input forms in tone languages, and that minimally marked tonal outputs are the result of markedness dominance over faithfulness.

Keywords: Downstep, Fusion, H-tone preservation, OT constraints, Urhobo

Article History: Submitted 11 Nov 2022, modified 27 May 2023, accepted 28 May 2023, first
published 01 June 2023

Language Contestation on The Virtual Linguistic Landscape of The Government Website of Bali, Indonesia

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I Made Suta Paramarta1, Ketut Artawa2, Made Sri Satyawati2, Ketut Widya Purnawati2, Putu Eka Dambayana Suputra1, Putu Ayu Prabawati Sudana1

1Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Bali, Indonesia. 2Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia. Corresponding Email: suta.paramarta@undiksha.ac.id

Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 14, Issue 3, September-October 2022, Pages 1–12. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v14n3.19

First published: October 20, 2022 | Area: Linguistics| License: CC BY-NC 4.0

(This article is published under Volume 14, Number 3, 2022)
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Language Contestation on The Virtual Linguistic Landscape of The Government Website of Bali, Indonesia

Abstract

National, local, and international language contestation in Bali has been the government’s concern. The national language policy places Indonesian in the most prominent position, and the local regulation allegedly focuses on the Balinese salience. While most linguistic landscape (LL) research in Bali is conducted on physical LL, few have been conducted on the virtual linguistic landscape (VLL) setting. This study shows the language contestation of Indonesian, Balinese, and foreign languages on the official website of the government of Bali province. Furthermore, the analysis was based on the language contestation point of view and Bakhtinian’s centripetal and centrifugal forces. The results showed that the Indonesian language is the most dominant. Additionally, the Balinese language functions to convey Bali’s identity, and foreign languages play an important role in informational functions for viewers. The Indonesian language represents the centripetal force of centralization, and the existence of Balinese and foreign languages shows the centrifugal force indexes the decentralization efforts.

Keywords: virtual linguistic landscape, language contestation, centripetal force, centrifugal force

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Modern Linguistic Technologies: Strategy for Teaching Translation Studies

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349 views

Bilous O1, Mishchenko A2, Datska T3, Ivanenko N4, Kit L5, Piankovska I6 & Vereshchak Y7

1PhD, Full-Professor of German at the Department of Translation, Applied and General Linguistics, Dean of the School of Foreign Languages, Department of Translation, Applied and General Linguistics, the School of Foreign Languages, Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University, Ukraine.

2Phd, Full-Professor of German, Department of Translation, Applied and General Linguistics, the School of Foreign Languages, Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University, Ukraine.

3Doctor of Philosophy, Associate Professor, Department of the English Language and Methods of Teaching, Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University, Ukraine.

4Doctor of Philosophy, Associate Professor, Department of the English Language and Methods of Teaching, Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University, Ukraine.

5German Language Instructor, Department of Translation, Applied and General Linguistics, Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University, Ukraine.

6Doctor of Philosophy, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of the German Language and Methodology of Teaching, Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University, Ukraine.

7English Language Instructor, Department of Translation, Applied and General Linguistics, the School of Foreign Languages, Language Center Director, Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University, Ukraine.

Corresponding e-mail: gridina-98@bk.ru

Volume 13, Number 4, 2021 I Full-Text PDF

DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v13n4.65

Abstract

How often students use IT resources is a key factor in the acquisition of skills associated to the new technologies. Strategies aimed at increasing student autonomy need to be developed and should offer resources that encourage them to make use of computing tools in class hours. The analysis of the modern linguistic technologies, concerning intellectual language processing necessary for the creation and function of the highly effective technologies of knowledge operation was considered in the paper under consideration. Computerization of the information sphere has triggered extensive search for solving the problem of the use of natural language mechanisms in automated systems of various types. One of them was creating Controlled languages based on a set of features which made machine translation more refined. Triggered by the economic demand, they are not artificial languages like Esperanto, but natural simplified languages, in terms of vocabulary, grammatical and syntactic structures. More than ever, the tasks of modern computer linguistics behold creating software for natural language processing, information retrieval in large data sets, support of technical authors in the process of creating professional texts and users of computer technology, hence creating new translation tools. Such powerful linguistic resources as corpora of texts, terminology databases and ontologies may facilitate more efficient use of modern multilingual information technology. Creating and improving all methods considered will help make the job of a translator more efficient. One of the programs, CLAT does not aim at producing machine translation, but allows technical editors to create flawless, sequential professional texts through integrated punctuation and spelling modules. Other programs under consideration are to be implemented in Ukrainian translation departments.  Moreover, the databases considered in the paper enable studying of the dynamics of the linguistic system and developing areas of applied research such as terminography, terminology, automated data processing etc. Effective cooperation of developers, translators and declarative institutes in the creation of innovative linguistic technologies will promote further development of translation and applied linguistics.

Keywords: computer linguistics, linguistic technology, teaching, machine translation, integrated translation tools, CLAT technology.

Language, Ecology and the Stories We Live By: The Ecolinguistics of Tholkappiyam

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356 views

V Shri Vaishali 1 & Dr. S. Rukmini 2

1Research Scholar, Department of English, School of Social Sciences and Languages, VIT, Vellore. venkatshrivaishali@gmail.com 9940805789 Orcid id: 0000-0001-7843-9521

2 Sr. Assistant Professor, Department of English, School of Social Sciences and Languages, VIT, Vellore. rukminikrishna123@gmail.com Orcid Id: 0000-0001-8414-3145.

Corresponding Author: Dr. S. Rukmini

Volume 13, Number 4, 2021 I Full-Text PDF

DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v13n4.51   

Abstract

The term “ecolinguistics” is relatively a recent discussion with Eliar Haugen (1972) bringing up the concept of “The ecology of Language”. Since then, various methods and approaches to the field have been suggested to study the language-ecology interaction, primarily from the west. As a result, ecolinguistics is conceived as a new-born western discipline. However, Ecolinguistics, as the term suggests is the specialized study of language-ecology interaction. The “feeling” of the existence of the necessary relationship between language and ecology even before makes us ask the question if the concept of ecolinguistics has not been discussed by linguists before 20th Century. The ancient Tamil linguistic treatise called Tholkappiyam (dated between 6th BCE to 8th CE) presents the fundamental nature of the relationship between ecology, language and culture through the theory called Tinai. The paper primarily draws attention to look into the linguistic philosophy of Tholkappiyam through an ecological perspective. From the ecolinguistic perspective, the paper analyses Tinai based on three criteria: Ecosophy, Aspects of Language-ecology-culture interaction and the theoretical framework of Tinai. Having analysed from the aforementioned criteria, the paper advocates that the framework of Tinai can contribute to the ecolinguistic studies parallel to the philosophies of Edward Sapir (1912) and Hagege (1985).

 Keywords: Ecolinguistics, Tinai theory, Ecosophy, Language Ecology, Critical Discourse Analysis, Tholkappiyam.

American Dream Revisited: A Media Discourse Representation in Cognitive-linguistic Perspective

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285 views

Svitlana Lyubymova

National Linguistic University, Kyiv, Ukraine. Email: elurus2006@gmail.com

Volume 13, Number 4, 2021 I Full-Text PDF

DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v13n4.27

Abstract

Considered in cognitive-linguistic perspective, “American Dream” is a represented in media discourse stereotype that embodies ideal of happiness in a prosperous democratic society. The research   methodology rests   on   the   premise of cognitive-linguistic approach to study of sociocultural stereotypes, which are seen as complex phenomena of social and cultural experience, manifested in behavioural, material, and verbal codes.  Methodological tools of discursive and corpus analysis proved the variability of meaning of the stereotype. In the course of time, it shows semantic changes, conditioned by socio-economic and cultural factors. Empirical study eventuates in distinguishing three periods that correlate with transformation of the stereotype. The period of formation outlines the ideal of freedom and equality. The next period, which started in the 1950s, manifested changes toward obtaining happiness only in virtue of wealth. In recent years, “American Dream” is being associated more with freedom of choice than mere financial success.

 Keywords: stereotyping; American Dream; media discourse; cognitive-linguistic approach; corpus analysis; semantic change

Direct, Indirect and Conditional Indirect Effects of Communication and Career Anxiety on Perceived Stress during Interviews in University Students – A PLS SEM Model

293 views

Irum Alvi

Rajasthan Technical University, Kota, Rajasthan. ORCID: 0000-0001-9509-6225. Email:  ialvi@rtu.ac.in

 Volume 13, Number 2, 2021 I Full-Text PDF

DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v13n2.50

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Abstract

By exploring the connections between communication and career anxiety and perceived stress, the current study contributes to a more nuanced appreciation of the university students’ emotional and psychological frame of mind during interviews. The study evaluates the direct, indirect and conditional indirect effect of CA on perceived stress PS during interviews. The study also presents a complex research model, based on Preacher, Rucker, and Hayes (2007) model where the independent variable CA has a moderating effect on FCA, which is the mediator. The model is validated using empirical data, sample size 177 with 124 males (70.1%), and 53 (29.9%) females, with PLS-SEM using Smart PLS 3 (3.2.9). To test the hypotheses formulated, two tests were conducted using the same sample; the first one verified the direct and mediating hypotheses, the next verified the moderated mediation hypothesis. The results indicate CA affects PS. Secondly, FCA mediates the effect of CA on PS. Moreover, the study confirms the effect of moderation as CA moderates the effect of FCA on PS, such that the relationship between FCA and PS is weaker when CA is small compared to when it’s high, however at very higher level the effect is seen to dampen and weaker. The implications are discussed.

Keywords: emotional and psychological experiences, moderated mediation, PLS SEM, anxiety and stress.

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