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The Orient: Villains in the plays of Marlow and Shakespeare

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Shouket Ahmad Tilwani

Assistant Professor, Department of English, College of Science and Humanities, Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia. ORCID: 0000-0002-8608-5134. Email: s.tilwani@psau.edu.sa

 Volume 12, Number 1, January-March, 2020 I Full Text PDF

DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v12n1.35

Abstract

The paper attempts to underline how, in view of the 16th century British socio-cultural and economic scenario, that held a remarkable efficacy in shaping the characters in literature, the Oriental Muslim characters were portrayed, particularly, penned by the two prominent playwrights of the time- Shakespeare in Titus Andronicus and Othello, and Marlowe in Tamburlaine the Great I and II. As the plays are taught in almost all the universities at the higher levels, the paper is particularly relevant to underline how it does predispose students through the misrepresentation of the Orient. At the same breadth, it also aims to analyse how at certain instances in their works, the two playwrights explore the ambiguities and conflicting notions that the Elizabethan England harboured about the Islamic world of the East. The paper, particularly, focusses on the idea of justifying violence through polemical stereotyping and negative image which culminates with the ending of Tamburlaine the Great.

Keywords: Colonialism, Hegemony, Islam, Orientalism, Ottoman, Polemics.

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The Effectiveness of Interactive Multimedia in Learning Indonesian Language Skills in Higher Education

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Biya Ebi Praheto, Andayani, Muhammad Rohmadi, Nugraheni Eko Wardani

Sebelas Maret University of Surakarta, Indonesia. Email: biya.ebi@ustjogja.ac.id

 Volume 12, Number 1, January-March, 2020 I Full Text PDF

DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v12n1.34

Abstract

Computer-based media such as interactive multimedia plays an important role in learning Indonesian language skills. The objective of this research is to determine the effectiveness of interactive multimedia in learning Indonesian language skills in higher education. This experimental research used the port-test along with a control group design. The population of this research was the second semester students of the Elementary School Education Study Program at four higher education institutions. To determine the experimental class, the random sampling technique was used considerably. IKIP PGRI Wates is an experimental class through which interactive multimedia is compared to three control groups namely Slamet Riyadi University of Surakarta using video subscription media, Tunas Pembangunan Surakarta University applying media prize, and Ahmad Dahlan University of  Yogyakarta using the powerpoint media. The data on Indonesian language skills tests include tests of listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities. The data were then analyzed using the one-way ANOVA. The results show that the application of interactive multimedia is effectively used in learning language language skills compared to learning using other media. In addition, interactive multimedia can also be applied to study independently outside the classroom.

Keywords: Interactive Multimedia, Indonesian Language Skills, Listening Skills, Speaking Skills, Reading Skills, Writing Skills

Myth Deconstruction of Wayang Ramayana and Baratayuda in the Novel of Kitab Omong Kosong by Seno Gumira Ajidarma and Perang by Putu Wijaya

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Tjahjono Widijanto1, Herman J. Waluyo2, Suyitno3, Suminto A. Sayuti4

1Student of Doctorate Program of Universitas Sebelas Maret, Postgraduate of Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, Indonesia. Email: tjahwid@yahoo.co.id

2,3Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia

4Faculty of Language and Art, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

 Volume 12, Number 1, January-March, 2020 I Full Text PDF

DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v12n1.33

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to examine the deconstruction of the myths of wayang in the novels of Kitab Omong Kosong and Perang. Those myths including satriya myths, the myth of warfare and desacralization of puppets. Discussion conducted using a typical perspective of deconstruction; first, deconstruction offers a way to identify contradictions in text politics or ideological tendencies that appear in good text consciously or unconsciously. Second, literary texts and traditions are treated which are able to open up new possibilities to conceive and open a new possibility of change that was considered impossible. Third, through a deconstruction point of view, ideology that has frozen in language and mind can be liquidated. The results of the discussion show the novel KitabOmongKosong, and Perang, a critical view of the satriya myth (Rama-Laksmana and Pandawa). Rama, Laksamana and Pandawa voiced in the novel is no longer fit with the myth of perfect satriya in wayang play (satriyapinandita) who representing truth, just and powerful, but reckless. Yet they are depicted as evil, and ridiculous. The war that was carried out by Rama and the Baratayuda (Pandawa versus Kurawa) which is written in puppet as a holy war between evil and goodness is only the war that arises because of power ambitions. The research results shows that the myths in wayang have been dismantled and reconstructed by Seno Gumira and PutuWijaya to express and the authors express their views and appreciation of the problems of present socio-cultural life.

Keywords: deconstruction; myths; satriya; wayang /puppets

Development and Validation of Superstitious Beliefs Scale

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Surekha Chukkali1 & Anjali M Dey2

1Department of Psychology, Christ (Deemed to be University) Delhi-NCR. Email: surekha.chukkali@christuniversity.in

2Research Scholar, Center for Research, Christ (Deemed to be University)

 Volume 12, Number 1, January-March, 2020 I Full Text PDF

DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v12n1.32

Abstract

Superstitions though considered as irrational beliefs are widely prevalent in all cultures. Most of the existing work on superstitions are predominantly based on traditional western beliefs. The relevance of established superstition scales which are developed in western societies in collective societies need to explored. Interdependent nature of self which is a characteristic of collectivistic culture also has a role in belief formation. The present study aims at developing a new self-report measure of superstitious beliefs scale. Study 1, focused on exploring the factor structure and establishing reliability over a sample of 338 undergraduate students. The 17-item Superstitious Belief Scale (SBS) developed distinguishes a six-factor structure namely, Popular Beliefs, Belief in Good Luck, Belief in Bad Luck, Personal Superstitions and Social Superstitions.  The six-factor structure was evaluated on a new sample (N = 483) using confirmatory factor analysis in Study 2. The internal consistency values of the new SBS over Studies 1 and 2 indicated high reliability. The findings have important implications for existing theory on superstitions. The new framework proposes and demonstrates the need to base the understanding of measurement of superstitious beliefs relevant in India.

Keywords: superstitious beliefs, good luck, bad luck, scale, factor structure

Surviving the Onslaught of Globalization: the Last Drops of Sweat of the Traditional Theater of Mendu, West Kalimantan

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Gunta Wirawan1, Herman J Waluyo2, Sarwiji Suwandi3 & Sahid Teguh Widodo4

1Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia. Email: gwirawan91@student.uns.ac.id

2,3Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia

4Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia.

 Volume 12, Number 1, January-March, 2020 I Full Text PDF

DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v12n1.31

 Abstract

Traditional art is often left out by globalization which offers new types of popular culture. As a result, the local culture of a nation slowly began to be abandoned by its supporting community. One of the regional arts that ‘lives unwillingly dead do not want to’ is the traditional theater of mendu in West Kalimantan. Moving on from these concerns, TiraiBudayaart gallery was formed by artists and community leaders who live in Sungai Duri 1, Sungai Kunyit District, Mempawah Regency, of West Kalimantan. This art gallery strives to preserve their unique culture. Its activities include inviting the younger generation to revive the traditional theater of mendu. The purpose of this study is to describe the role of the TiraiBudaya art gallery in an effort to preserve the traditional theater of West Kalimantan. The method is used is descriptive qualitative, form case study approach. The results of the study were in the form of a description of the role of the TiraiBudayaart gallery in an effort to preserve the traditional theater of mendu as a hereditary heritage which became the cultural treasure of West Kalimantan.

Keywords: mendu traditional theater, Tirai Budaya art gallery, conservation.

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Norms and Teachings in the Art of Lovemaking of Kings in Ancient Javanese Manuscripts

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Sahid Teguh WIDODO

The Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia. Email: sahidteguhwidodo@yahoo.com

 Volume 12, Number 1, January-March, 2020 I Full Text PDF

DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v12n1.30

Abstract

The specific goal of this research is to discover the concept of the teachings and norms in the art of lovemaking among the royal elite, in particular Ancient Javanese kings of ancient Javanese manuscripts. Based on its format and character, this research is qualitative-descriptive. The primary data sources for the research are an ancient Javanese manuscript Serat Nitimani and information obtained from interviews with Javanese cultural experts. Other supporting data for the research comes from the Javanese manuscript Serat Kadis Saresmi. The data analysis techniques were both interactive (with informants) and non-interactive (literary). The results of the research show: (1) How to Identify The Human Erogenous Zones, (2) lovemaking behaviour, (3) six stages in the Javanese Art of Lovemaking, (4) a description of the concept of Martabat, or the art of taking care of an unborn child in the womb, and finally (5) the existence of a figure known as Guru Laki who played a role in the sexual lifestyle of the Javanese kingdom. The teachings about lovemaking of the Javanese kings provide a way for learning about the secrets behind the greatness of the kingdom in days gone by. The discovery of knowledge about the status and norms of sexual relations is considered of great importance and holds a high position in the Javanese community.

Keywords: lovemaking, teachings, sexual, Java

Rigvedic Poetic Art: The Language of Literature

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Bibhudatta Dash               
Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India. ORCID: 0000-0002-3880-4739. Email: dr.bibhudattadash@gmail.com

 Volume 12, Number 1, January-March, 2020 I Full Text PDF

DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v12n1.29

Abstract

This article explores ?gveda and traces the genesis of poetics by interpreting various ?gvedic mantras (sacred utterances) to find out the figures of sound and sense; language of metaphors; linguistic constructs; language of suggestion and aesthetic enjoyment. It shows how Sanskrit rhetoricians were inspired and influenced by the ?gveda and how they succeeded in developing theoretical perspectives of literary art from this original source of art, poetry, and criticism. This research also intends to discuss how the Vedic poet-seers discovered the language of literature in the absence of a formal text on poetics and aims to understand how the literary communications are different from ordinary communications.

Keywords: ?gveda, Poetics, Sound, Sense, Suggestion, Language, Aesthetics, Metaphor

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Ramayana Myth Retold in Hubbu and Kitab Omong Kosong

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Tjahjono Widijanto1, Herman J. Waluyo2, Suyitno3, Suminto A. Sayuti4

1Student of Doctorate Program of Universitas Sebelas Maret, Postgraduate Program of University of Sebelas Maret Surakarta, Indonesia. Email: tjahwid@yahoo.co.id

2,3Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia

4Faculty of Language and Art, State University of Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

 Volume 12, Number 1, January-March, 2020 I Full Text PDF

DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v12n1.28

Abstract

The study focused on the myth of Ramayana in Kitab Omong Kosong and Hubbu. It adopted a qualitative approach and descriptive-interpretative data analysis technique by referring to the Analysis of Cultural Studies through multi-disciplinary theories of poststructuralism concerning the nature of difference and multicultural as well as the rejection to metanarrative. The poststructuralism theory which is introduced in this study is the deconstruction theory that has three characteristics. Firstly, deconstruction will offer a strategy to identify contradictions in the political thoughts or ideological tendencies that consciously and unconsciously arise in the texts. Secondly, through deconstruction, the literary texts and their contexts and traditions can be treated as a means to open up new possibilities of assumptions and changes that for long have been deemed impossible. Thirdly, deconstruction facilitates the decomposition of strict ideologies in language and mind. The findings revealed that Kitab Omong Kosong adopted Ramayana’s last episode, Uttara Kanda in dismantling the prevailing myths. The dismantlement occurred to the myths of satriya (knights), war and the king’s power, as well as the deconstruction of binary opposition in the narrative. Meanwhile, Hubbu adopted Ramayana’s first episode, Bala Kanda. It showed the cultural dialects between Javanese culture and pesantren (Islamic school) life in the form of syncretism of wayang (puppet) myth and pesantren (Islamic school) culture. In addition to the cultural syncretism, the novel also offered dialogical texts by syncretizing other narrative elements, such as oral literary genre, wayang genre, and babad genre in the forms of modern narrative.

Keywords:  myth, Ramayana, novel.

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Human Right Awareness and Advocacy Role of Youth in Kerala: An Empirical Analysis

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K. M. Ashifa

Department of Social Work, Faculty of Health Science, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul – Turkey. Email: ashifakattur@gmail.com

 Volume 12, Number 1, January-March, 2020 I Full Text PDF

DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v12n1.27

 Abstract

Human rights are inherent with our nature and are essential as they provide dignity, freedom and protection. Human rights awareness is an ability of individual to have consciousness on their basic rights. It is vital to address the underlying causes of human rights violations, prevent human rights violations, fight racism, promote equality and increase participation of citizens in democratic decision-making (Council of European Portal, 2017). Transformational human rights learning imbues people with knowledge that world should be and can be different. Practice, opportunities to learn new lessons and skills are a core element of human rights learning (Tolman, 2000).  Active youth participation in the process of inculcating human right values for combat violations and create a society with justice and peace. They can disseminate information on human rights and it can make youth as advocates of human rights.  The present study focused to find the role of youth to protect human rights and their involvement in the activities of welfare programmes as National Service Scheme (NSS) and Nehru Yuva Kendra (NYK). The study showed that awareness of the human rights of youth and their efforts to protect their rights are positively interrelated, as awareness can lead to advocacy and this is achieved through NSS and NYK programs.

Key Words: Human Rights Education, Youth, Participation  and Protection

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The Question of Female Embodiment and Sexual Agency in Anuradha Sharma Pujari’s Kanchan

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Koyel Chanda

Research scholar, Dept. of English, Pondicherry University. ORCID: 0000-0002-9375-2572. Email: chandakoyel@gmail.com

 Volume 12, Number 1, January-March, 2020 I Full Text PDF

DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v12n1.25

Abstract

The association of women with body has generated a host of negative connotations that have been used to justify their limited political and social role. So, questions regarding the female body and sexual agency are of utmost importance in feminist theories. Anuradha Sharma Pujari, an Assamese author has explored the complex question of female sexual agency in her novel Kanchan. The novel narrates the upheavals caused in the life of its economically and educationally disadvantaged eponymous character when she decides to use her body to make a living for herself and her family. The focus of the paper will be to understand the concept of women embodiment and the complexities surrounding female sexual agency with the help of embodiment theories most notably those forwarded by Meenakshi Thapan.

Keywords: women, embodiment, sexual agency, body, feminism

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