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“I Wish to Sing One Last Song for My Land”: Anuj Lugun’s Poetics of Resistance and Reclamation

Indigenous Studies/Vol16N32024

10 views

T. T. Mukherjee¹ & S. P. Satpathy²
¹Associate Professor, Dept of English, Bhatter College, Dantan, India.
²Associate Professor, Dept of Humanities and Social Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan, Bhubaneswar, India.

^{Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 16, Issue 3, 2024. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n3.01g}
^{Full-Text PDF Issue Access}

Abstract

This paper critically engages with Anuj Lugun’s poetics of resistance and reclamation by focusing on his representation of the civilization of water, forest, and land. Lugun, a prominent voice in contemporary indigenous literature in India, uses poetry to articulate the struggles and resilience of tribal communities in India to resist the forces of displacement and environmental degradation and reclaim cultural identity. Through a close reading of selected poems translated by Pragya Shukla, this study analyzes the way Lugun weaves a narrative that challenges dominant historical and cultural discourses. The analysis also explores how Lugun represents the ongoing fight for Indigenous rights and environmental and social justice through a unique blend of traditional oral storytelling with modern poetic forms. This paper links Lugun’s poetics with global Indigenous artistic practices by showing how Lugun’s poetry addresses the same concerns. It also reflects the spirit of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly those focused on Gender Equality, Life on Land, Climate Action, and Reduced Inequalities.

Keywords: Indigenous poetry, Anuj Lugun, tribal philosophy, resistance, reclamation, SDGs.

Conflicts of Interest: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
Funding: No funding was received for this research.
Article History: Received: 01 August, 2024. Revised: 20 September 2024. Accepted: 22 September, 2024. First published: 25 September 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 by the author/s.
License: License Aesthetix Media Services, India. Distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Published by: Aesthetix Media Services, India
Citation: Mukherjee, T. T. & Satpathy, S. P. (2024). “I Wish to Sing One Last Song for My Land”: Anuj Lugun’s Poetics of Resistance and Reclamation. Rupkatha Journal 16:3. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n3.01g

Argument Composition in N+LV Complex Predicates of Kannada

Linguistics/V16N22024

456 views

Satish Kumar Nadimpalli^1* & Bh V N Lakshmi²
^1,2Dept. of English, SRKR Engineering College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India. *Corresponding author.

^{Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2024. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n2.34g}
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Abstract

Complex Predicates (CPs hereafter) are abundant in Dravidian Languages spoken in the Southern part of India. A CP is a multi-word expression that acts as one verbal unit where a Light Verb (LV hereafter) plays a vital role (Amberber et al., 2010). LVs, with their syntactic and semantic features and preverbs, determine the argument structure of the whole CP construction. LVs have a distinctive feature of acquiring contextual meanings in combination with the preverbal elements, and this phenomenon is common across language families. (Hook 1991, 1993, Butt 1995). N+LV CPs and Noun Incorporation (NI) structures, which appear to be the same phenomenon, are two different structures altogether, though both have N+V composition. Baker (1988) proposes some defining characteristics for NI structures, which are indeed short for Dravidian languages like Kannada and Telugu, which are highly rich in morpho-syntactic features. According to SK Nadimpalli et al. (2022), additional characteristics exist that can effectively distinguish CPs from NIs. These were demonstrated using Telugu data. The present research concentrates on the difference between NIs and CPs with regard to the argument composition of the whole predicate. The study will also investigate how preverbal nouns in CPs, with specific semantic features, combine with different LVs and how the whole argument structure is composed, with the help of Kannada data as a case in point. The LVs exhibit a wide range of syntactic and semantic properties in consonance with the preverbal noun it combines with to constitute a CP construction. The selection of LVs is inherently language-specific, with LVs in Kannada potentially exhibiting different syntactic and semantic behaviors compared to their counterparts in Telugu. This study, with data from Kannada, would add to the syntactic and semantic repertoire of LVs and N+ LV CPs in Dravidian languages in particular and to the Universal Grammar at large.

Keywords: Complex Predicate, Noun Incorporation, Light Verbs, Argument Structure, Kannada.

Conflicts of Interest: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
Funding: No funding was received for this research.
Article History: Received: 29 February 2024. Revised: 25 June 2024. Accepted: 28 June 2024. First published: 30 June 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 by the author/s.
License: License Aesthetix Media Services, India. Distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Published by: Aesthetix Media Services, India
Citation: Nadimpalli, S. K. & Lakshmi, Bh. V. N. (2024). Argument Composition in N+LV Complex Predicates of Kannada. Rupkatha Journal 16:2. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n2.34g

Implementation of Reinforcement Learning Algorithm in the Development of English Language Learning Skills

EFL Studies/V16N22024

563 views

Gomathi R D^1* , Punithaasree K S² , Vijaya Kala S³ , Maheswaran S⁴
¹Department of English, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, India. *Corresponding Author
²Department of English, Nandha Engineering College, Erode, India.
³Department of English, Gnanamani College of Technology, India.
⁴Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, India.

^{Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2024. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n2.35g}
^{Full-Text PDF Issue Access}

Abstract

Given the increasing importance of English proficiency in today’s globalized world, this study introduces an innovative approach to learning the language. Recognizing the complexities of language acquisition, the research proposes a novel method that combines recent advancements in reinforcement learning algorithms with educational knowledge to create a flexible and adaptive learning environment. This methodology charts a personalized learning path by thoroughly evaluating students’ reading, listening, and observational skills. By meticulously developing an application based on the suggested technique, 50 participants engaged in a practical application that utilized reinforcement learning algorithms to evaluate student performance and identify individual strengths. The continuous effectiveness assessments demonstrate the model’s resounding success, with an impressive 98% course completion rate and 97% accuracy. The platform aims to enhance cross-linguistic abilities, such as critical thinking and effective communication, alongside traditional language proficiency. This method empowers students globally by seamlessly integrating cutting-edge technology with pedagogical insights, offering a tailored and dynamic learning environment to help students thrive in the evolving educational landscape of the 21st century.

Keywords: Reinforcement learning algorithm, English, Artificial Intelligence, Language.

Conflicts of Interest: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
Funding: No funding was received for this research.
Article History: Received: 29 February 2024. Revised: 25 June 2024. Accepted: 26 June 2024. First published: 30 June 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 by the author/s.
License: License Aesthetix Media Services, India. Distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Published by: Aesthetix Media Services, India
Citation: Gomathi, R. D. & Punithaasree, K. S. & Vijaya, K. S. & Maheswaran, S. (2024). Implementation of Reinforcement Learning Algorithm in the Development of English Language Learning Skills. Rupkatha Journal 16:2. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n2.35g

Detection of English Grammatical Errors and Correction using Graph Dual Encoder Decoder with Pyramid Attention Network

Language Engineering/language studies/Linguistics/V16N22024

569 views

Hema M^1*, Kandasamy Sellamuthu²^,Vijayarajeswari R³
¹Department of English, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India. *Corresponding author.
²Department of CSE, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Arasur, Coimbatore-641407, India.
³Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Velalar College of Engineering and Technology, India.

^{Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2024. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n2.04}
^{Full-Text PDF Issue Access}

Abstract

In English, grammatical errors pose a significant challenge, prompting the exploration of diverse detection and correction methods. Existing approaches, however, often fall short of delivering satisfactory results and achieving high accuracy. An innovative solution, the Optimized Graph Dual Encoder Decoder with Pyramid Attention (OGDED-PA), is introduced to overcome these limitations. The model utilizes the C4_200M synthetic dataset for input data, followed by preprocessing and applying hybrid Squared Root of Term Frequency Variants with Mean Semi-absolute Deviation Factors for morphological feature extraction. Bidirectional long short-term memory with conditional random field segmentation is employed, and OGDED-PA, integrating a dual encoder-decoder architecture and pyramid attention mechanism, is then applied. This model aims to enhance accuracy in identifying and correcting grammar, syntax, punctuation, and spelling errors by capturing intricate linguistic patterns. The graph-based representation leverages Improved Border Collie Optimization (IBCO) to optimize the weight parameter, allowing the model to analyze syntactic and semantic relationships and address a broad spectrum of grammatical errors. The proposed method is implemented using the Python platform. Compared to existing methods, the proposed approach achieves 99.3% accuracy, 98.7% precision and 98.6% F_0.5.

Keywords: English grammatical error detection and correction, Morphological features, Pyramid attention mechanism, Improved Border Collie Optimization, Dual encoder and decoder

Conflicts of Interest: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
Ethical Consideration: Informed consent was obtained from all the participants of the study.
Funding: No funding was received for this research.
Article History: Received: 08 March 2024. Revised: 27 June 2024. Accepted: 28 June 2024. First published: 29 June 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 by the author/s.
License: License Aesthetix Media Services, India. Distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Published by: Aesthetix Media Services, India
Citation: Hema, M. & Sellamuthu, K. & Vijayarajeswari, R. (2024). Detection of English Grammatical Errors and Correction using Graph Dual Encoder Decoder with Pyramid Attention Network. Rupkatha Journal 16:2. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n2.04

Inclusive Integrativeness: A New Approach to ESL Learning in Multilingual Contexts

EFL Studies/V16N22024

445 views

Urbashi Borbora^1* & Debasish Mohapatra²
¹Ph.D. Scholar, Dept. of English, Tezpur University, Assam, India. *Corresponding author.
²Head, Dept. of English, Tezpur University, Assam, India.

^{Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2024. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n2.33g}
^{Full-Text PDF Issue Access}

Abstract

This paper introduces ‘Inclusive Integrativeness’ as a novel approach to address ESL classroom challenges, focusing on learners’ diverse linguistic backgrounds. Unlike traditional integrativeness, which aims for assimilation into the target language and culture, this approach embraces multilingual identities. In multilingual regions like Assam, India, it emphasizes the importance of learners’ reflexivity on their linguistic repertoire to develop an inclusive multilingual identity. The study also advocates for classroom practices such as translanguaging and culturally relevant materials. A survey of 105 secondary school students in Assam revealed positive perceptions towards inclusive multilingual identity and the use of these practices. The findings support ‘Inclusive Integrativeness’ as a comprehensive pedagogical approach for integrating multilingualism and English proficiency in ESL education.

Keywords:ESL classroom, culturally relevant materials, Inclusive Integrativeness, Integrativeness, Multilingual identity, Multilingualism, Translanguaging.

Conflicts of Interest: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
Funding: No funding was received for this research.
Article History: Received: 29 February 2024. Revised: 25 June 2024. Accepted: 26 June 2024. First published: 28 June 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 by the author/s.
License: License Aesthetix Media Services, India. Distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Published by: Aesthetix Media Services, India
Citation: Borbora, U. & Mohapatra, D. (2024). Inclusive Integrativeness: A New Approach to ESL Learning in Multilingual Contexts. Rupkatha Journal 16:2. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n2.33g

Amorous Encounters in Eco-theological Spaces: An Exploration of Malayalam Cinema

Film & Media Studies/V16N22024

519 views

Anjana Menon^1* & Priya Jose K²
^1,PhD Research Scholar, Department of History, Maharaja’s College, Ernakulam, Kerala, India. Corresponding author.
²Associate Professor, Department of English, Maharaja’s College, Ernakulam, Kerala, India.

^{Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2024. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n2.32g}
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Abstract

This study explores the complex and evolving portrayal of intimacy in Malayalam cinema, particularly through the lens of eco-theological settings and remote locations. Examining films from the 1970s to the present day, the analysis highlights how these narratives have employed problematic tropes to introduce eroticized content, often framing it within sacred spaces or remote landscapes to achieve a sense of forbidden allure and potentially mitigate audience disapproval. This paper contends that the eco-theological spaces depicted in Malayalam cinema are not neutral but laden with socio-cultural and gendered meanings. Examining intimacy within these spaces provides a unique vantage point for understanding how cinematic representations reinforce prevailing power structures, especially concerning gender dynamics. It prompts a deeper exploration of how ecological practices and spiritual beliefs intersect with notions of femininity and masculinity.

Keywords: Kavu, eco-theological spaces, sexuality, Malayalam cinema, gender, body

Conflicts of Interest: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
Funding: No funding was received for this research.
Article History: Received: February 29 2024. Revised: 25 June 2024. Accepted: 26 June 2024. First published: 28 June 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 by the author/s.
License: License Aesthetix Media Services, India. Distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Published by: Aesthetix Media Services, India
Citation: Menon, A. & Jose, P. K. (2024). Amorous Encounters in Eco-theological Spaces: An Exploration of Malayalam Cinema. Rupkatha Journal 16:2. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n2.32g

Dalit Echoes, Green Stories: Understanding the Caste-Environment Nexus in South Indian Raps

Dalit Studies/V16N22024

640 views

Anupama Madhusudan
Research Scholar, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, India

^{Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2024. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n2.31g}
^{Full-Text PDF Issue Access}

Abstract

The southernmost Indian state of Kerala has recently experienced a massive engagement with rap music, unlike another region in the global south. These raps have been at the forefront of addressing social, ecological, and political issues. In India, caste is a significant social, political, and ecological issue that greatly hinders cultural sustainability. Caste, a deeply ingrained social hierarchy, significantly influences access to natural resources, living conditions, and environmental health, perpetuating social inequalities. Though caste and nature are interwoven inextricably, their discussions in the academic space are limited. However, discussions on the ecology of caste have found their space in the rap music of Kerala. This paper focuses on how this new-age digital manifestation explores human and intra-human relationships within the context of caste and has generated a discourse of resistance in the process of reclaiming Dalit rights and agency as ecological beings. The theoretical framework of Dalit hip hop ecology devised through the integration of ‘hip hop ecologies’ and ‘Dalit ecologies’ aids in conceptualising the relationship between caste, environment, and rap music. This brings in a new dimension of reading Dalit environmental politics through the lens of music, exploring its resistive and transformative potential as these raps not only reflect but also challenge and resist caste-based environmental injustices.

Keywords: Ecomusicology, eco-raps, Dalit ecology, rap music, hip hop ecology, South Indian rap.

Conflicts of Interest: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
Funding: No funding was received for this research.
Article History: Received: February 29 2024. Revised: 25 June 2024. Accepted: 25 June 2024. First published: 26 June 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 by the author/s.
License: License Aesthetix Media Services, India. Distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Published by: Aesthetix Media Services, India
Citation: Madhusudan, A. (2024). Dalit Echoes, Green Stories: Understanding the Caste-Environment Nexus in South Indian Raps. Rupkatha Journal 16:2. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n2.31g

Dominant Language, Urbanization and Lexical Depletion of Native Language: A Corpus Linguistics Study

Linguistics/V16N22024

576 views

Gatha Sharma
Associate Professor, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, India.

^{Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2024. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n2.30g}
^{Full-Text PDF Issue Access}

Abstract

India is home to hundreds of languages. Each Indian language is unique and an identity marker for individuals, communities, and their culture. The English language, though not native to India, has a significant presence in this vast country. One hundred and ninety years of British colonial rule over India had established English as the ‘dominant language’ in the country long ago. Rapid urbanization; and the consequent proliferation of telecommunication networks have further increased its dominance over Indian languages in the last few decades. The heavy code-mixing of English words in the Indian languages is reducing the richness of the vocabulary of the Indian languages by replacing their words with English words, thereby initiating ‘lexical depletion’ based language change in the native languages. This paper is an empirical study to map the code-mixing of English words in the Hindi language and its impact on the Hindi language, as observed in Greater Noida, a town that has seen rapid urbanization since 1991. This paper attempts to explain the implications of code-mixing on the Hindi lexicon by analysing a corpus of spoken language data using corpus-linguistics and computational linguistics methodologies.

Keywords: English Language, Hindi Language, Telecommunication, Urbanization, Lexical Depletion.

Conflicts of Interest: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
Funding: No funding was received for this research.
Article History: Received: April 15 2024. Revised: 20 June 2024. Accepted: 21 June 2024. First published: 23 June 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 by the author/s.
License: License Aesthetix Media Services, India. Distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Published by: Aesthetix Media Services, India
Citation: Sharma, G. (2024). Dominant Language, Urbanization and Lexical Depletion of Native Language: A Corpus Linguistics Study. Rupkatha Journal 16:2. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n2.30g

Subverting Anthropocentric Mythic Elements: Animal Representations in the Select Poems of Louise Glück and Mary Oliver

Animal Studies/V16N22024

559 views

Sandhra Sunny^1* & Sharmila Narayana²
^1,2Christ (deemed to be) University.

^{Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2024. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n2.29g}
^{Full-Text PDF Issue Access}

Abstract

The representation of animals in literature has long been dominated by anthropocentric perspectives that prioritize human experiences and values. Animals were relegated to metaphors and narrative accessories, neglecting their inherent rights and treating them primarily as reflections of human qualities. This paper examines the works of contemporary American poets Louise Glück and Mary Oliver, focusing on how their selected poems reconsider conventional anthropocentric patterns of animal representations in poetry. The analysis centers on the poets’ strategies to blur rigid boundaries between the human-animal divide by challenging conventional depictions where animals are frequently assigned peripheral roles. The study explores how these poems cultivate powerful connections with the natural world, fostering a sense of communion and interconnectedness with nature. Additionally, the research highlights the deliberate efforts by the poets to reconfigure hierarchies, challenge value dualisms, and question anthropocentric narratives that sanction oppression. Lastly, the paper contributes to the broader discourse on ecocritical thought, enriching discussions on literature and environmental activism.

Keywords: Ecocriticism, Entangled Empathy, Poetry, Domination, Unjustified hierarchy.

Conflicts of Interest: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
Funding: No funding was received for this research.
Article History: Received: 29 February 2024. Revised: 20 June 2024. Accepted: 21 June 2024. First published: 23 June 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 by the author/s.
License: License Aesthetix Media Services, India. Distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Published by: Aesthetix Media Services, India
Citation: Sunny, S. & Narayana, S. (2024). Constituting a ‘Moral’ Public: Society, Law and Literature in Colonial India. Rupkatha Journal 16:2. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n2.29g

Constituting a ‘Moral’ Public: Society, Law and Literature in Colonial India

Media Studies/V16N22024

597 views

Yagyaseni Bareth
Assistant Professor, Gujarat National Law University, Silvassa Campus.

^{Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2024. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n2.28g}
^{Full-Text PDF Issue Access}

Abstract

The issue of obscenity in colonial India is a multifaceted and complex subject that intertwines notions of morality, culture, law, and power dynamics. Obscenity, defined as material that is offensive or morally repugnant, was a contested terrain during the colonial period as it is now, reflecting the clash between what was claimed as indigenous traditions and the values imposed by British colonial authorities. Notions of Victorian morality played a huge role in conditioning a section of Indian society to apply similar standards in India. This paper explores the nuances of obscenity in colonial India, examining its manifestations, the responses it elicited, its implications for society, and mainly its contestations in the legal arena. By looking at the obscenity trials of Sadat Hasan Manto and Ismat Chughtai, this paper will also try to highlight the complexities of the artistic process, which was often at loggerheads with forces that tried to regulate and reshape what was socially and culturally permissible.

Keywords: Obscenity, Sexuality, Moral Public, Law, Literature, Artistic Intentions.

Conflicts of Interest: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
Funding: No funding was received for this research.
Article History: Received: 29 February 2024. Revised: 20 June 2024. Accepted: 21 June 2024. First published: 23 June 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 by the author/s.
License: License Aesthetix Media Services, India. Distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Published by: Aesthetix Media Services, India
Citation: Bareth, Y. (2024). Constituting a ‘Moral’ Public: Society, Law and Literature in Colonial India. Rupkatha Journal 16:2. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n2.28g

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