Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Chinese L2 Writing: An Empirical Study on Educational Sustainability in Africa

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Lishen Yu1* , Qingqing Kong2  & Hongyan Hao3
1 Doctoral candidate, Macau University of Science and Technology. *Corresponding author.
2Lecturer, University of Cape Verde.
3Professor, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies.

Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2024. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n2.01
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Abstract
This study investigates the impact of ChatGPT on Chinese L2 writing proficiency among African students, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for quality education and reduced inequalities. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research involved 46 participants to quantitatively assess improvements in syntactic and lexical complexity, accuracy, and fluency. Qualitative insights were garnered through semi-structured interviews, revealing positive perceptions of ChatGPT in enhancing writing skills, yet highlighting challenges like technological access and economic constraints. The findings suggest that while ChatGPT effectively enhances Chinese L2 proficiency, its integration in African educational contexts requires addressing infrastructural and pedagogical barriers. This study contributes to the discourse on Artificial Intelligence in language education and its role in advancing African sustainable educational practices.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Chinese L2 Writing, Educational Sustainability, Africa, CAF.

Conflicts of Interest: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
Ethical Consideration: Informed consent was obtained from all the participants of the study.
Funding: No funding was received for this research.
Article History: Received: 01 February 2024. Revised: 17 April 2024. Accepted: 18 April 2024. First published: 22 April 2024
Copyright: © 2024 by the author/s.
License: License Aesthetix Media Services, India. Distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Published by: Aesthetix Media Services, India 
Citation: Yu, L. & Kong, Q. & Hao, H. (2024). Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Chinese L2 Writing: An Empirical Study on Educational Sustainability in Africa. Rupkatha Journal 16:2. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n2.01

Rupkatha Journal's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Quality education (SDG 4) Gender equality (SDG 5) Decent work and economic growth (SDG 8) Reduced inequalities (SDG 10) Sustainable cities and communities (SDG 11) Climate action (SDG 13) Life on land (SDG 15) Peace, justice, and strong institutions (SDG 16)

William Gibson’s Sprawl Trilogy: Connection between Humans and Artificial Intelligence

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Shuchi Agrawal
Professor, Amity Institute of English Studies & Research, Amity University NOIDA. 

Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 4, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n4.19
[Article History: Received: 20 September 2023. Revised: 27 December 2023. Accepted: 28 December 2023. Published: 29 December 2023]
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Abstract

Artificial intelligence as it is envisioned in literature, reflects moral and social standards, sculpts societal hopes and fears, spurs scientific progress, and perhaps even foretells the future. Artificial intelligence (AI) is being developed by humans, including programmers through their code and authors and readers through millennia of discourse, starting with ancient automatons and continuing with contemporary concepts of AI. The question of what we are producing as AI becomes more human—and possibly superhuman—and what literature can teach us about these AI imaginaries are also topics covered in this paper. The researcher seeks to explain the connections between artificial intelligence and literature in this work by highlighting the numerous ways that machine intelligence helps the production and comprehension of narrative. This study will also look at the connection between humans and artificial intelligence in William Gibson’s Sprawl trilogy and how his cyberpunk trilogy allows readers to think about how the lines between humans and technology are blurring and how technology can both liberate and enslave people.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence, science fiction, cyberpunk, robotics, posthumans.

Sustainable Development Goals: Better Education
Citation: Agrawal, S. (2023). William Gibson’s Sprawl Trilogy: Connection between Humans and Artificial Intelligence. Rupkatha Journal 15:4. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n4.19 

 

Hallucinations in ChatGPT: An Unreliable Tool for Learning

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661 views

Zakia Ahmad1* , Wahid Kaiser2 & Sifatur Rahim3  
1,2,3 Department of English, University of Asia Pacific – UAP, Dhaka, Bangladesh. *Corresponding author.

Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 4, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n4.17
[Article History: Received: 30 October 2023. Revised: 17 December 2023. Accepted: 18 December 2023. Published: 19 December 2023]
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Abstract

Recently, ChatGPT has been upgraded to its newer version for its unsubscribed users – ChatGPT 3.5. Though ChatGPT has become an astonishing phenomenon all over the world for creating realistic texts within seconds, it can disseminate wrong information and misconceptions. Technical experts have identified this problem as hallucination. This paper has examined ChatGPT’s ability to differentiate between correct and incorrect relations in the questions that are set to it. It has also explored the efficacy of ChatGPT in helping students acquire linguistic and literary proficiency. The study took the form of exploratory interpretive research. The participants of the research study were students studying English at the undergraduate level. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, FGDs, and input provided to ChatGPT. All data were analyzed qualitatively. The findings of this research indicate that ChatGPT tends to provide inconsistent information when a series of contextual questions are asked. Because of this hallucination, ChatGPT becomes an unreliable source for language and literature learning.

Keywords: ChatGPT, hallucination, language learning, literature learning, reliability.

Sustainable Development Goals: Better Education
Citation: Ahmad, Z., Kaiser, W. & Rahim, S. (2023) Hallucinations in ChatGPT: An Unreliable Tool for Learning. Rupkatha Journal 15:4. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n4.17 

Architectural Space and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Arkady Martine’s Rose House: Reading Spatiality and AI/Human Dichotomies

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311 views

Ritu Ranjan Gogoi  
Assistant Professor, Dept. of English, Mahapurusha Srimanta Sankaradeva Viswavidyalaya (MSSV).

Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 4, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n4.16
[Article History: Received: 30 October 2023. Revised: 17 December 2023. Accepted: 18 December 2023. Published: 18 December 2023]
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Abstract

Sci-fi literature has become an important genre that explores and reflects on the societal anxieties, ethical quandaries, and existential threats concerning the trajectory of AI advancements, possibilities, and consequences of AI technologies. The objective of this article is to highlight the intersection of architectural space and artificial intelligence in Arkady Martine’s sci-fi novella Rose House (2023). A critical reading of Martine’s text reveals the poetics of space juxtaposed with the issues and complexities of artificial intelligence that unfolds new paradigms in which the relationship between people and place, space and being, the binaries of human and the non-human (AI) can be contemplated within a posthumanist framework of Rosi Braidotti and Heidegger’s notion of being. Moreover, the article utilizes the ideas of space syntax theory, and Henri Lefebvre’s ideas of space to analyze how spatial configurations (real and imagined) have an impact on human behaviour and actions in shaping space while interacting with artificial intelligence within the spatial dimensions of a house.

Keywords: Sci-fi, Artificial intelligence, architectural space, house, human, posthuman, spatial, being.

Sustainable Development Goals: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
Citation: Gogoi, R. R. (2023). Architectural Space and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Arkady Martine’s Rose House: Reading Spatiality and AI/Human Dichotomies. Rupkatha Journal 15:4. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n4.16 

Artificial Intelligence (AF) in Human Fantasy: The Birth of a New Subject in Kazuo Ishiguro’s Klara and the Sun

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Sharifa Akter1*    & Niger Afroz Islam 2  
1,2 Department of English, University of Asia Pacific. *Corresponding author.

Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 4, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n4.14
[Article History: Received: 29 October 2023. Revised: 17 December 2023. Accepted: 18 December 2023. Published: 18 December 2023.]
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Abstract

In Klara and the Sun (2021), the Nobel Prize-winning Japanese-British writer Kazuo Ishiguro fantasizes about an unspecified future world of possibilities for life with Artificial Intelligence. This novel raises complex questions about the notion of intelligent life, the fantasy of transcending the limits of nature, the future of the social bond, and the constitution of human emotions. This study portrays the unconscious fears, fantasies, and fascination created in the novel’s plot, centred on the solar-powered AF (Artificial Friend). The novelty of this paper is to show how Klara, the Artificial Friend, the humanoid, traverses the Imaginary, Symbolic, and Real and becomes a new Lacanian subject. The careful explanation of the study attempts to chart the impact of a new subject on human fantasy in society and culture from Zizek’s concept of Ideological Fantasy. It explores how subjects lose their internal being when their lives are entirely commodified and exploited as a component of capitalism. Finally, Ishiguro ends his novel where the being (nature) owns over the thing (commodity). This paper will also attempt to enlist the impact of dystopian fiction on society and culture. Hence, in conclusion, this study explores a constructive approach to understanding human fantasy and acknowledges the text as a scope that meets interdisciplinary promises.

Keywords: Artificial Friend (AF), Lacanian Subjectivity Formation, Ideological Fantasy, Desire.

Sustainable Development Goals: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
Citation: Akter, S. & Islam, N.A. (2023). Artificial Intelligence (AF) in Human Fantasy: The Birth of a New Subject in Kazuo Ishiguro’s Klara and the Sun. Rupkatha Journal 15:4. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n4.14 

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Large Language Model-based Tools in Language Teaching to Develop Critical Thinking and Sustainable Cognitive Structures

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Sindhu Joseph1  
1Research Scholar Christ (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India.

Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 4, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n4.13
[Article History: Received: 07 October 2023. Revised: 05 December 2023. Accepted: 07 December 2023. Published: 18 December 2023]
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Abstract

Experts assert that Large Language Model (LLM) based tools like ChatGPT are the next generation in the evolution of Artificial Intelligence and will permeate all walks of human life including education. The current narrative is that we need to embed the LLM-based tools into the system taking advantage of their personalised, dynamic, adaptive nature while being mindful of their limitations. One of the greatest limitations so far identified is that these pre-trained transformer-based encoder models fine-tuned on Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks do not reveal verifiable reasoning ability. As a result, the information generated by these tools is subject to ethical and factual errors that need human oversight. This paper uses the integrative literature review to identify and synthesize Critical Digital Literacy frameworks in language teaching in the light of the essential competencies and learning domains identified by the UNESCO Education for Sustainable Development directives. The Critical AI Literacy framework proposed in this paper would enable language teachers to adopt LLM-based tools to enhance their instructional strategies. The cognitive, affective and conative competencies developed through the new CAIL framework would empower learners to understand the manipulative nature of language and use language to build a sustainable future.

Keywords: Critical AI Literacy, English, Language Teaching, Education for Sustainable Development.

Sustainable Development Goals: Better Education
Citation: Joseph, S. (2023). Large Language Model-based Tools in Language Teaching to Develop Critical Thinking and Sustainable Cognitive Structures. Rupkatha Journal 15:4. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n4.13 

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AI Take-Over in Literature and Culture: Truth, Post-Truth, and Simulation

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365 views

Sumanta Pramanik1*  & Shri Krishan Rai2  
1,2 Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, India.

Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 4, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n4.12
[Article History: Received: 30 October 2023. Revised: 09 December 2023. Accepted: 10 December 2023. Published: 18 December 2023]
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Abstract

In a world that is increasingly lost to narrative building, deep fakes, simulation of realities and dissemination of fake news generated by artificial intelligence (AI), we are moving towards a post-truth era. Our thoughts are being manipulated and twisted with (mis)information for the benefit of people in power; thus, our consent is being manufactured with the aid of AI, resulting in ideological imperialism. In such a scenario, when AI is slowly taking control over the planet and creating our digital replicas by cloning our consciousness, what will our future look like? Humans’ creative pursuits have already predicted such futures in various movies, comics, novels and web series depicting the myriad complications associated with an impending AI takeover. Thus, contextualising today’s scenario within the scope of the future, the paper aims to dissect some popular speculative narratives offered through various tissues of culture, including movies, comics, novels and web series, to comprehend the consequences those narratives generate to grasp the changing relationalities between real and unreal, and truth and post-truth in a world run in codes and simulation.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence (AI), post-truth, simulation, surveillance, ideological imperialism, speculative narratives.

Sustainable Development Goals: Better Education
Citation: Pramanik, S. & Rai, S.K. (2023). AI Take-Over in Literature and Culture: Truth, Post-Truth, and Simulation. Rupkatha Journal 15:4. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n4.12 

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Breaking the Bias: Gender Fairness in LLMs Using Prompt Engineering and In-Context Learning

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Satyam Dwivedi1* , Sanjukta Ghosh2 , Shivam Dwivedi3
1,2,3 HSS, IIT BHU, India. *Corresponding author. 

Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 4, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n4.10
[Article History: Received: 31 October 2023. Revised: 06 December 2023. Accepted: 07 December 2023. Published: 14 December 2023]
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Abstract

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been identified as carriers of societal biases, particularly in gender representation. This study introduces an innovative approach employing prompt engineering and in-context learning to rectify these biases in LLMs. Through our methodology, we effectively guide LLMs to generate more equitable content, emphasizing nuanced prompts and in-context feedback. Experimental results on openly available LLMs such as BARD, ChatGPT, and LLAMA2-Chat indicate a significant reduction in gender bias, particularly in traditionally problematic areas such as ‘Literature’. Our findings underscore the potential of prompt engineering and in-context learning as powerful tools in the quest for unbiased AI language models.

Keywords: Prompt engineering, In-context learning, Gender bias, Large Language Models, Equitable content, Bias mitigation strategies.

Sustainable Development Goals: Gender Equality
Citation: Dwivedi, S., Ghosh, S., Dwivedi, S. (2023). Breaking the Bias: Gender Fairness in LLMs Using Prompt Engineering and In-Context Learning. Rupkatha Journal 15:4. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n4.10 

Textual Alchemy: AI, Authorship and the Shifting Paradigms of Interpretation

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357 views

Adil Hussain1* & Khursheed Ahmad Qazi2 
1,2 North Campus, University of Kashmir.
* Corresponding author

Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 4, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n4.08
[Article History: Received: 19 May 2023. Revised: 30 November 2023. Accepted: 01 December 2023. Published: 02 December 2023]
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Abstract

Artificial intelligence is overhauling the publication and textual production. Textual production with Large Language Models (LLMs) is more sophisticated and closer to human knowledge production thanks to its autoregressive nature. AI models by OpenAI such as the Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3 (GPT-3) and its iterations use deep learning to produce more human-like text. Such texts invite all kinds of problems that are not new to the human text-production system. Research shows that the output of such models tends to be biased toward a particular gender, race and ethnicity. This paper explores substantial texts produced by AI including articles, fiction, columns, opinion pieces etc. published in major journals and magazines to understand the nuances of such texts. Moreover, the paper will attempt to understand such features of AI-generated text by presenting the results of a particular set of instructions (prompt) to the LLM. These text outputs will be studied to demonstrate how AI-generated texts pave the way for a “post-post author” era, echoing Barthes’ notion of the “Death of the Author”. The scope, usability and limitations of the AI’s textual production will also be investigated.

Keywords: AI, Post Author, GPT, Death of the Author, Text production, Autoregression.

Sustainable Development Goals: Better Education
Citation: Hussain, A. & Qazi, K. A. (2023). Textual Alchemy: AI, Authorship and the Shifting Paradigms of Interpretation. Rupkatha Journal 15:4. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n4.08 

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Exploring the Transformative Potential and the Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Vauhini Vara’s The Immortal King Rao

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Ruchi Singh1* , Gibu Sabu M2
1Department of English and Modern European Languages, University of Lucknow. *Corresponding author.
2Amity Institute of English Studies and Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida Campus.

Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 4, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n4.06
[Article History: Received: 24 October 2023. Revised: 02 November 2023. Accepted: 03 November 2023. Published: 03 November 2023]
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Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI), an ever-evolving technological frontier, stands poised at the nexus of human ingenuity and innovation, catalyzing transformative shifts across myriad facets of contemporary existence. Since its inception in the mid-20th century, AI has evolved from rudimentary algorithms to sophisticated neural networks, becoming ubiquitous. From shaping the way we communicate and conduct research to bolstering security measures and revolutionizing healthcare, the influence of AI is inexorably seeping into global socio-cultural lives. However, this incursion into the human domain is not without its complexities and ethical problems, prompting a reflective journey into the intersection of AI and our shared reality. This research paper explores AI’s constant advance and its symbiotic relationship with humanity, as delineated in Vauhini Vara’s provocative novel, The Immortal King Rao. Drawing from the multifaceted canvas of AI’s influence, this research seeks to unravel the implications of AI systems and their convergence with governance, ethics and distributive justice, human evolution, and environmental consequences, ultimately illuminating the complex fabric that binds technology to the collective human experience.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Vauhina Vara, The Immortal King Rao, Geopolitical Transformation, Distributive Justice, Human Evolution, Environment Degradation.

Sustainable Development Goals: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions
Citation: Singh, R. & Gibu, S. M. (2023). Exploring the Transformative Potential and the Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Vauhini Vara’s The Immortal King Rao. Rupkatha Journal 15:4. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n4.06 

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