Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Architecture: The Case Studies of Star Architects

Architecture/Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Human-Computer Interaction/V17N12025

73 views

Günes Mutlu Avinç^1* , Hilal Ayci² & Asli Tas³
¹Department of Architecture, Mus Alparslan University Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Mus, Turkey. *Corresponding author.
²Department of Architecture, Gazi University Faculty of Architecture, Ankara, Turkey.
³Department of Architecture, Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Nevsehir, Turkey.

^{Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 17, Issue 1, 2025. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v17n1.04}
^{Full-Text PDF Issue Access}

Abstract

This research examines the projects of star architects who develop architectural designs using artificial intelligence and the impact of this technology on changing the role of the star architect. In this context, nine prominent architectural groups—Zaha Hadid Architects, Coop Himmelblau, Morphosis, Foster & Partners, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Vincent Callebaut, Arup, MAD Architecture, and UN Studio—are analyzed to demonstrate how these architects integrate artificial intelligence into the creative process and how the traditional role of the architect has changed. The originality of the research lies in its focus on the relationship between artificial intelligence and the star architects standing at the intersection of architecture and technology. Star architects shape architecture with their productions and discourses. The study is based on qualitative analysis, and the documents and publications of the projects of star architects were evaluated by the content analysis method. Our findings indicate that artificial intelligence has expanded the architect’s role in creative processes. With artificial intelligence, each star architect is rediscovering the boundaries of architecture and creating innovative and creative designs. Consequently, the study examines how artificial intelligence influences architectural practice by analyzing the works of renowned star architects.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence, AI in architecture, AI technology, architectural design, star architect.

Conflicts of Interest: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
Funding: No funding was received for this research.
Article History: Received: 03 January 2025. Revised: 20 March 2025. Accepted: 21 March 2025. First published: 26 March 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 by the author/s.
License: License Aesthetix Media Services, India. Distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Published by: Aesthetix Media Services, India
Citation: Avinç, G. M., Ayci, H. & Tas, A. (2025). The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Architecture: The Case Studies of Star Architects. Rupkatha Journal, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v17n1.04

The Actual Use of Generative AI in Online Literary Production: An Exploratory Study with Lusophone Writers on Wattpad

Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Generative AI/Human-Computer Interaction/V17N12025

56 views

Paulo Reis Mourão^1* & Yun Liu^2*
¹Department of Economy, University of Minho, Portugal. *Corresponding author.
²Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Lisbon.

^{Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 17, Issue 1, 2025. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v17n1.03}
^{Full-Text PDF Issue Access}
Abstract

Generative Artificial Intelligence (Generative AI) has become one of the most controversial topics in literary production. There have already been several reflections in this area, but more remains to be known about the actual use of Generative AI in online literary production. Therefore, this exploratory study, based on the responses provided by a sample of users of the Wattpad platform, aims to contribute to the knowledge of the self-consciousness modes of application, as well as perspectives about Generative AI in online fiction production. We tested two major hypotheses: i) the use of AI provides more consciousness of future injustices, and ii) the concerns about plagiarism clarify the capacity of AI contribution to literary production. The collected data were then analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The main results show that writers are generally self-aware about the use of Generative AI, and authors with greater ethical concern assume a lower propensity to use Generative AI in content production.

Keywords: Generative Artificial Intelligence; online literary production; plagiarism; Wattpad; survey.

Conflicts of Interest: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
Funding: No funding was received for this research.
Article History: Received: 15 January 2025. Revised: 07 March 2025. Accepted: 20 March 2025. First published: 26 March 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 by the author/s.
License: License Aesthetix Media Services, India. Distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Published by: Aesthetix Media Services, India
Citation: Mourão, P. R., & Liu, Y. (2025). The Actual Use of Generative AI in Online Literary Production: An Exploratory Study with Lusophone Writers on Wattpad. Rupkatha Journal, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v17n1.03

Robotic Intervention in Preserving Artifacts: The Case of the Bini Cultural Artifacts in Nigeria

Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Cultural Studies/Digital Humanities/Human-Computer Interaction/V17N12025

46 views

Harrie U.M. Bazunu¹ , Patience A. Edo² , Celestina O. Isiramen³ & Peter O. O. Ottuh^4*
¹Senior Lecturer, Department of Fine and Applied Arts, Delta State University, Nigeria.
²Lecturer I, Department of Fine and Applied Arts, Delta State University, Nigeria.
³Professor, Department of Religious Management and Cultural Studies, Ambrose Alli University, Nigeria.
⁴Professor, Department of Religious Studies and Philosophy, Delta State University, Nigeria. *Corresponding Author

^{Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 17, Issue 1, 2025. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v17n1.02}
^{Full-Text PDF Issue Access}
Abstract

This study examines the role of robotic assistance in preserving cultural artifacts, with a particular emphasis on Bini artifacts in Nigeria. The objective is to mitigate the loss of Bini artifacts, which contain cultural treasures representing the pride and distinctiveness of the Bini people in Nigeria. Robots are considered a critical possibility in this context, as they can function remotely in hazardous areas and protect cultural artifacts. This study employs a phenomenological methodology, using semi-structured interviews with museum curators, robotics scientists, and cultural heritage preservationists. The results indicate that the design and application of robotic devices, such as drones, arms, mobile robots, cameras, sensors, and excavators, can engage with and preserve the Bini artifacts. This research suggests a promising avenue for studying robotic engagement in global digitized conservation efforts, reconstruction, and the curation of cultural items in the twenty-first century and beyond.

Keywords: Robotic Intervention, Preservation, Bini, Cultural Artifacts, Art, Religion, Africa, Nigeria.

Conflicts of Interest: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
Funding: No funding was received for this research.
Article History: Received: 09 January 2025. Revised: 21 March 2025. Accepted: 21 March 2025. First published: 26 March 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 by the author/s.
License: License Aesthetix Media Services, India. Distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Published by: Aesthetix Media Services, India
Citation: Bazunu, H. U., Edo, P. A., Isiramen, C. O., & Ottuh, P. O. O. (2025). Robotic Intervention in Preserving Artifacts: The Case of the Bini Cultural Artifacts in Nigeria. Rupkatha Journal, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v17n1.02

Error Analysis of Machine Translation for Malayalam Fiction

Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Human-Computer Interaction/Translation/V17N12025

85 views

Hanna C H^1* , Sabeerali KP² & Vrinda Varma³
¹Research Scholar, Department of Humanities Arts and Social Science, NIT Calicut, India. *Corresponding author.
²Independent Researcher, India.
³Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities Arts and Social Science, NIT Calicut, India.

^{Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 17, Issue 1, 2025. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v17n1.01}
^{Full-Text PDF Issue Access}
Abstract

Machine translation (MT) has transformed translation studies and linguistics, significantly improving cross-cultural communication and linguistic analysis. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the accuracy of Google Translate, AI4Bharat’s IndicTrans2 and Bing in handling Malayalam compound nouns, with a particular focus on Named Entity Deviation Errors. The study seeks to identify specific challenges in translating Malayalam noun formations and case markers and to understand their impact on translation quality. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research involves quantitative and qualitative analyses of three corpora built from a selected fiction text in Malayalam and its human English translation. Our findings revealed significant issues in translation accuracy, and some common errors were identified including improper translations of proper nouns, mistranslations of compound nouns and transliteration issues. Automated metrics used to analyse errors in each MT model revealed that literary-adapted machine translation models produced richer output and showed improved performance compared to general domain models. The study accentuates the necessity of robust linguistic models and larger, high-quality parallel corpora to enhance MT accuracy for low-resource languages like Malayalam. The study suggests a hybrid approach that develops MT to achieve greater precision and reliability in translation practices, ensuring nuanced and contextually accurate translations.

Keywords: Machine Translation, Google Translate, IndicTrans2, Bing, Malayalam compound nouns, Named entity deviation errors.

Conflicts of Interest: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
Funding: No funding was received for this research.
Article History: Received: 31 January 2025. Revised: 20 March 2025. Accepted: 21 March 2025. First published: 26 March 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 by the author/s.
License: License Aesthetix Media Services, India. Distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Published by: Aesthetix Media Services, India
Citation: Hanna, C. H., Sabeerali, K.P., & Varma, V. (2025). Error Analysis of Machine Translation for Malayalam Fiction. Rupkatha Journal, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v17n1.01

AI-Driven Language Learning: The Impact of Rosetta Stone on ESL Students’ Speaking Proficiency and Self-Control

Artificial Intelligence (AI)/EFL Studies/V16N42024

395 views

Ganesh Dandu^1* & Gomatam Mohana Charyulu² & KSNVL Lavanya Kumari³
¹Associate Professor, Dept. of BS&H, Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology, Duvvada, Visakhapatnam, AP, India. *Corresponding author.
²Professor of English, English Division, Dept of S & H, VFSTR Deemed to be University, Vadlamudi, AP, India.
³Research Scholar, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India.

^{Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 16, Issue 4, 2024. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n4.09}
^{Full-Text PDF Issue Access}
Abstract

This research paper investigates the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based instructions on improving English language speaking abilities and fostering self-learning in real-life environments. In today’s educational landscape, AI-based applications have proven to be transformative tools, igniting learners’ passion and supporting interactive language learning activities. The study was conducted with 120 engineering students learning English as a Second Language (ESL), who were randomly assigned to either an experimental group receiving AI-based instructions or a control group receiving traditional instructions. Pre- and post-tests were administered to evaluate the students’ English-speaking abilities and self-learning skills, utilizing the Rosetta Stone mobile application, which incorporates various speaking activities, focused exercises, pronunciation feedback, and a speech recognition tool. The results indicated that the experimental group showed significant improvements in speaking skill components—accuracy, vocabulary, fluency, and pronunciation—compared to the control group. The findings suggest that AI-based instruction effectively enhances English language speaking skills among ESL students and improves their self-regulatory processes. These results demonstrate the potential of AI technology to enhance language acquisition experiences and promote learners’ self-reliance and cognitive processes in speaking.

Keywords: EFL context, AI-based instructions, Rosetta Stone application, Speaking skills, Self-regularity practices.

Conflicts of Interest: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
Funding: No funding was received for this research.
Article History: Received: 18 October 2024. Revised: 13 December 2024. Accepted: 18 December 2024. First published: 25 December 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 by the author/s.
License: License Aesthetix Media Services, India. Distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Published by: Aesthetix Media Services, India
Citation: Dandu, G. & Charyulu, G. M. & KSNVL, L. K. (2024). AI-Driven Language Learning: The Impact of Rosetta Stone on ESL Students’ Speaking Proficiency and Self-Control. Rupkatha Journal 16:4. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n4.09

Modeling Time and Space by Artificial Intelligence in Olena Krasnoselska’s Novel SOLpik: Fiction or Future Reality?

Artificial Intelligence (AI)/V16N32024

374 views

Oleksandra Nikolova¹ , Kateryna Vasylyna^2* , Viktoriya Pogrebnaya³
¹Dept of German Philology, Translation and World Literature, Zaporizhzhia National University, Ukraine.
²Dept of English Philology and Linguodidactics, Zaporizhzhia National University, Ukraine. *Corresponding author.
³Dept of Journalism, National University Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic, Ukraine.

^{Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 16, Issue 3, 2024. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n3.04}
^{Full-Text PDF Issue Access}

Abstract

The article studies the specifics of time and space in Olena Krasnoselska’s novel SOLpik through the light of artistic representation of the possibilities of their AI (artificial intelligence) modeling. The article proves that in terms of modern advancements in science and technology, the methods of modeling time and space by AI depicted in the novel (their 3D printing with the help of artificial intelligence) seem to be theoretically justified and predictable. The authors of the present paper pay special attention to the analysis of the writer’s philosophical reflections on the essence of time and space, as well as the consequences of active human interaction with artificial intelligence. It is noted that the image of the future presented by Olena Krasnoselska, where artificial intelligence can get out of control and begin modeling the space-time continuum, creating virtual reality, seems quite believable in the context of scientific and technological achievements of the 21st century. This story reflects the ideas of modern science and the attitude towards its attainments. The article concludes that all of the above-mentioned facts give grounds for identifying the piece by the Ukrainian writer as a ‘prophecy novel’. Also, it outlines the perspectives of studies related to the analysis of the chronotope of ‘science-fictional AI’ in view of the achievements of modern scientific and technological progress.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence (AI), AI narratives, science-fictional AI, chronotope, hybrid genre.

Conflicts of Interest: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
Ethical Consideration: Informed consent was obtained from all the participants of the study.
Funding: No funding was received for this research.
Article History: Received: 10 August 2024. Revised: 27 October 2024. Accepted: 27 October 2024. First published: 29 October 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 by the author/s.
License: License Aesthetix Media Services, India. Distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Published by: Aesthetix Media Services, India
Citation: Nikolova, O., Vasylyna, K. & Pogrebnaya, V. (2024). Modeling Time and Space by Artificial Intelligence in Olena Krasnoselska’s Novel SOLpik: Fiction or Future Reality? Rupkatha Journal 16:3. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n3.04

Role of AI on Creativity of Aspiring Writers in Bangladesh

Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Vol16N32024

530 views

Zakia Ahmad^1* , Saimum Rahman Prattay² , Wahid Kaiser³ , Sifatur Rahim⁴, Sumaia Jahan Shoshi⁵
^1,2,4,5Dept of English, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh. *Corresponding author.
³Lecturer, Dept of English, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman University, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh

^{Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 16, Issue 3, 2024. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n3.03}
^{Full-Text PDF Issue Access}

Abstract

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in creative writing has sparked a global interest in how it might impact the creativity of aspiring writers. The Natural Language Generation (NLG) technology has enabled AI to generate written materials that imitate patterns and structures of human language. This paper aims to investigate the impact of generative AI tools on creative writing, with a focus on emerging Bangladeshi writers. It also underscores the crucial role of user responsibility when using AI tools for creative writing. For this study, six renowned Bangladeshi authors and academicians and fifteen aspiring writers shared their insights on whether AI is a transformative tool that amplifies the writer’s creativity and efficiency or if it poses a threat to the inventiveness of novice writers. The findings show that AI can facilitate idea generation, accelerate the writing process, provide feedback to developing structure, and improve the language skills of aspiring writers. However, it was observed that the responses provided by AI were generic and repetitive. The writers who use AI particularly mentioned its inability to create unique content with emotional depth and originality, which are distinguishing features of human creativity. Furthermore, the renowned authors emphasized the ethical concerns they have about the authorship and authenticity of the content produced with AI assistance. They also feared that over-reliance on AI tools might lead to homogenization in creative writing.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence (AI), creative writing, aspiring writers, user responsibility, homogenization, ethics of AI.

Conflicts of Interest: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
Ethical Consideration: Informed consent was obtained from all the participants of the study.
Funding: No funding was received for this research.
Article History: Received: 31 August 2024. Revised: 24 October 2024. Accepted: 26 October 2024. First published: 28 October 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 by the author/s.
License: License Aesthetix Media Services, India. Distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Published by: Aesthetix Media Services, India
Citation: Ahmad, Z., Prattay, S. R., Kaiser, W., Rahim, S. & Shoshi, S. J. (2024). Role of AI on Creativity of Aspiring Writers in Bangladesh. Rupkatha Journal 16:3. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n3.03

Intertextuality in the Body Designs of AI-Based Virtual Influencers

Aesthetic Studies/Artificial Intelligence (AI)

233 views

Ahmet Oktan^1* & Bilge Yavas²
¹Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Communication, Samsun, Turkey. *Corresponding Author.
²Master of Communication Sciences, Turkey.

^{Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 16, Issue 3, 2024. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n3.02}
^{Full-Text PDF Issue Access}

Abstract

This study approaches virtual humans by foregrounding their material dimensions and exploring how virtual stars present visual images and the mythical connections that influence the images they create. We analyze characters named Lu do Magalu, Lil Miquela, Barbie, Thalasya, Noonoouri, Imma, Bermuda, Rozy, Ay Pera, Alara X, Hatsune Miku, and Shudu, selected through purposive sampling, considering their posts on Instagram. We employ intertextuality and its variant, mythological intertextuality, to identify how the creators of these avatars draw on myths, archetypes, and modern cultural contexts in the physical design and construction of their bodies. We discuss our findings by engaging with the views of scholars such as Carl Jung and Jean Baudrillard. In summary, we conclude that virtual influencers are visually created and embodied through inspiration from both archaic and modern myths and archetypes; their flawless and sterile bodies are transcended and idealized like mythological heroes, their eroticized and exposed bodies are presented as objects of desire, and the gender roles they adopt reproduce patriarchal myths. Additionally, it has been observed that through their fluid bodily images and design, they become mythologized and function as a type of simulacrum.

Keywords: Virtual influencer, Body, Mythology, Intertextuality, Embodiment.

Conflicts of Interest: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
Ethical Consideration: Informed consent was obtained from all the participants of the study.
Funding: No funding was received for this research.
Article History: Received: 31 August 2024. Revised: 25 October 2024. Accepted: 25 October 2024. First published: 27 October 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 by the author/s.
License: License Aesthetix Media Services, India. Distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Published by: Aesthetix Media Services, India
Citation: Oktan, A. & Yava?, B. (2024). Intertextuality in the Body Designs of AI-Based Virtual Influencers. Rupkatha Journal 16:3. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n3.02

Human Creativity Vs. Artificial Intelligence: A Comparison of Horror Fiction Crafting from ‘Bookish Minds Club’ at Souk Ahras University and Claude AI

Aesthetic Studies/Artificial Intelligence (AI)/V16N32024

288 views

Moufida Boumous
^{Senior Lecturer, Department of English, Souk Ahras University, Algeria.}

^{Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 16, Issue 3, 2024. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n3.01}
^{Full-Text PDF Issue Access}

Abstract

The dynamic between human writers and artificial intelligence in crafting fiction, particularly in the horror genre, provides an intriguing context for examining the unique strengths and limitations of each. This research investigates the creative outputs of two groups: members of Souk Ahras University’s ‘Bookish Minds Club,’ who have discussed numerous horror books and have been introduced to various techniques and tropes of the genre, and those who employ Claude AI to aid in their writing process. Sixty club members were divided evenly, with each group receiving identical horror fiction prompts to craft their stories. These stories were subsequently evaluated based on originality, coherence, the effectiveness of horror elements, character development, and overall impact. The results highlighted a slight but notable superiority of human creativity over AI-assisted writing, particularly in terms of emotional depth and psychological complexity. The findings suggest that while Claude AI can provide structural support and enhance certain narrative elements, it often falls short in capturing the knotty emotional and psychological distinctions that human writers, especially those well-versed in genre techniques, naturally infuse in their work.

Keywords: human creativity, artificial intelligence, horror fiction, creative writing, Claude AI, comparative study.

Conflicts of Interest: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
Ethical Consideration: Informed consent was obtained from all the participants of the study.
Funding: No funding was received for this research.
Article History: Received: 26 August 2024. Revised: 24 October 2024. Accepted: 25 October 2024. First published: 27 October 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 by the author/s.
License: License Aesthetix Media Services, India. Distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Published by: Aesthetix Media Services, India
Citation: Boumous, M. (2024). Human Creativity Vs. Artificial Intelligence: A Comparison of Horror Fiction Crafting from ‘Bookish Minds Club’ at Souk Ahras University and Claude AI. Rupkatha Journal 16:3. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n3.01

Bridging Tradition and Technology: QR Code Integration in Lontara Script Learning Book to Improve Writing and Language Skills

Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Language Engineering/language studies/Linguistics/V16N22024

877 views

Yusuf Yusuf¹, Gusnawaty Gusnawaty^2*^,Risdamayanti Risdamayanti³^,Fathria Azzahra Affandy⁴, Nur Alya⁵
^1.2,3,4,5 Department of Regional Languages and Literatures, Hasanuddin University.

^{Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2024. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n2.03}
^{Full-Text PDF Issue Access}

Abstract

This study examines the creation and assessment of a Lontara Script Learning Book augmented with QR Code technology to boost students’ Lontara script writing abilities and their proficiency in the Makassar language. Nineteen first-grade students from SD Inpres Kera-Kera in Makassar city participated in the study. The research unfolds into three stages: 1) Preparation, which includes initial observations and interviews, literature review, discussions, and research tool preparation; 2) Implementation, involving the introduction of the learning media, pretest, implementation of Lontara Script Learning Book based on QR Code, summarizing and posttest; 3) Evaluation based on observation, pretest and posttest results serves as the data source. The findings revealed a notable average enhancement of 50.37 in the students’ Lontara script writing skills. Moreover, there was an average increase of 44.21 in Makassar language proficiency through picture guessing exercises and a 37.90 improvement via folklore comprehension. These results signify a substantial advancement in both script learning and language abilities. This innovative educational medium has proven to be effective in enriching the writing and language skills of elementary school students.

Keywords: Lontara, Makassar language, QR Code, Education Technology, South Sulawesi.

Conflicts of Interest: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
Ethical Consideration: Informed consent was obtained from all the participants of the study.
Funding: No funding was received for this research.
Article History:Received: 25 January 2024. Revised: 29 April 2024. Accepted: 02 May 2024. First published: 03 May 2024
Copyright: © 2024 by the author/s.
License: License Aesthetix Media Services, India. Distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Published by: Aesthetix Media Services, India
Citation:Yusuf, Y. & Gusnawaty, G. & Risdamayanti, R. & Affandy. F. A. & Alya, N. (2024). Bridging Tradition and Technology: QR Code Integration in Lontara Script Learning Book to Improve Writing and Language Skills. Rupkatha Journal 16:2. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n2.03

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