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Urban Space for Indonesian Women: Ambiguity in Nanti Kita Cerita Tentang Hari Ini (2019) Web Series

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Aidatul Chusna 1, Budi Irawanto 2 & Dian Arymami 3
1,2,3Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia.
Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.10
[Article History: Received: 31 January 2023. Revised: 16 August 2023. Accepted: 17 August 2023. Published: 26 August 2023.]
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Abstract

The depiction of Indonesian women’s experiences in urban spaces has been little discussed. Do urban spaces provide equal opportunities and access for Indonesian women and men? This paper tries to answer this question. It investigates how Indonesian women experience urban spaces as represented in an Indonesian web series entitled Nanti Kita Cerita Tentang Hari Ini (2019). The paper uses the multimodal analysis method. The result of the analysis shows that there is a discrepancy in the portrayal of the female protagonist and of the urban spaces that she experiences. The ambiguity is seen in the depiction of an urban woman who is empowered, but on the other hand, has limited rights in urban spaces. In particular, the female protagonist is portrayed as an independent urban woman who can make her own choices for her future. The depiction is in line with the idealization of a modern woman, which Indonesian women have long dreamt of. However, the female protagonist does not fully enjoy this freedom and independence as there is still gender stratification that regards women as being inferior to men. It is seen in the spaces that she experiences. The patriarchal system that has long dominated Indonesian society confines women’s mobility and existence in the public space.

Keywords: modern woman, ambiguity, urban space, web series.
[Sustainable Development Goals: Gender Equality]
Citation: Chusna, Aidatul, Budi Irawanto & Dian Arymami. 2023. Urban Space for Indonesian Women: Ambiguity in Nanti Kita Cerita Tentang Hari Ini (2019) Web Series. Rupkatha Journal 15:3. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.10 

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Colour as Symbols in the Select Works of Yann Martel

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M. Arul Darwin 1 & Arul Anand 2
1,2Department of English, Annamalai University, Chidambaram. Tamil Nadu, India.
Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.09
[Article History: Received: 11 June 2023. Revised: 08 August 2023. Accepted: 10 August 2023. Published: 20 August 2023.]
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Abstract

Colours can draw an identity to all living things. Natural colours can either calm down or disturb a person’s inner Self. At the times of crisis, it tends to give the individual soul wit and hope. Colours also have alchemical significance and can impact every man’s mind in certain ways. Colour representations have been used by many symbolists throughout literary history from the past to the present. Symbolists point out the importance of symbols in the poems of symbolist poetry. Moreover, the use of colour symbolism in literature contributes to the treasure of literary forms. In Canadian literature, Yann Martel holds a prominent position for his adaption of symbols and uses them to portray the inner quest of his characters. Frequently, his symbolism embodies a deep search for a spiritual quest with a religious component. Colour is one of the most important aspects in deciphering the psyche of his heroes. He has constructed various symbolic interpretations that exhibit the spiritual longing of individuals. Many colours like red, black, white, green, orange, etc have been used as symbolic representations to decode the mind set and religious beliefs. Among them, black and white colours play a vital role in an in-depth portrayal of the leading characters. The religious quest of the characters has been satisfied through the identification of colour representations and ancient relics. They were satisfied at the end. Hence, his works depict that colours have symbolic dramatic elements that naturally novelize the central theme of the search for Self. It also emphasizes the development of the Self with the supremacy of faith in the Almighty God. This paper deciphers the black and white colour symbols in the novels, “Self”, “Life of Pi”, “Beatrice and Virgil”, and “The High Mountains of Portugal” of Yann Martel.

Keywords: Colours, Symbols, Black and White, Yann Martel.
[Sustainable Development Goals: Life on Land]
Citation: Darwin, M. Arul & Arul Anand. 2023. Colour as Symbols in the Select Works of Yann Martel. Rupkatha Journal 15:3. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.09 

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Types of Code-switching among Young Adults with Bilingualism

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Ruba S 1, Prabhu S 2, Kala Samayan 3
1,2,3 Department of Audiology & Speech Language Pathology, SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai-603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.08
[Article History: Received: 17 May 2023. Revised: 19 August 2023. Accepted: 19 August 2023. Published: 20 August 2023.]
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Abstract

The present study aimed to analyse and compare various forms of code-switching among adult male and female Tamil-English bilinguals. This research involved thirty bilingual (Tamil and English) adults between the ages of 18 and 25. Each participant was given an updated version of the cookie-theft picture and asked to describe it in Tamil. The various kinds of code-switching, such as tag switching, intra-sentential switching, and inter-sentential switching, were identified through the data analysis. Results indicated that language switching occurs more frequently between phrases and that female participants exhibit code-switching significantly higher than male participants, particularly in tag switching. The study findings can help linguists and speech-language pathologists understand the various types of code-switching employed by Tamil-English bilinguals. However, a larger population needs to be studied for further investigation.

Keywords: Code-switching, Bilingualism, Intra-sentential switching, Inter-sentential switching, Tag switching.
[Sustainable Development Goals: Quality Education]
Citation: S, Ruba, Prabhu S, Kala Samayan. 2023. Types of Code-switching among Young Adults with Bilingualism. Rupkatha Journal 15:3. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.08

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Representing Gandhi: A Study of Mahatma Gandhi as a Character in Selected Novels from Colonial and Post-Colonial Times

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Mainak Gupta
Academic Content Researcher and Writer, Inventive Gentech Solutions, LLP: Kolkata, India
Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.07
[Article History: Received: 05 January 2023. Revised: 10 August 2023. Accepted: 15 August 2023. Published: 20 August 2023.]
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Abstract

The 1930s saw the rise of Mahatma Gandhi as the frontline leader of India’s struggle against the British imperialists, and it was also a decade when the Indian novel in English came of age, with the publication of Mulk Raj Anand’s Untouchable, R.K. Narayan’s Swami and Friends and Raja Rao’s Kanthapura within a few years of each other. The English novel in India grew as a consequence of the English education introduced by the British, and it was used as a weapon against the imperialists by a bunch of young men who were primarily educated abroad, with an aim to use a universal language that addressed all Indians all over the world. Gandhi, unsurprisingly, became a great source of inspiration for these writers. Gandhi has been a subject of literature and other forms of art to this day, but the portrayal of the ‘Great-soul’ (as Tagore called Gandhi) has gone through a change since the pre-independence days. This essay analyses the change in the portrayal of Gandhi by close-reading four novels, Untouchable (1935) and Kanthapura (1938) from the colonised period, and Waiting for the Mahatma (1955) and Dhorai Charit Manas (1950) from the post-independence era. The essay shows how the portrayal of Gandhi and Gandhism went through a change in the novels from the colonial period to post-colonial times, as the reverence and deification of Gandhi that was so prevalent in the novels of the colonial time gave way to a more humane portrayal of the most influential leader of India’s freedom struggle.

Keywords: Mahatma Gandhi; Indian fiction in English; Mulk Raj Anand; Raja Rao; R.K. Narayan; Satinath Bhaduri; Indian freedom struggle
[Sustainable Development Goals: Quality Education]
Citation: Gupta, Mainak. 2023. Representing Gandhi: A Study of Mahatma Gandhi as a Character in Selected Novels from Colonial and Post-Colonial Times. Rupkatha Journal 15:3. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.07

Effects of Dynamic Assessment of Grammatical Structures on Learners’ Speaking Accuracy: The Case of Hawassa University, Ethiopia

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Abayneh Feleke  Managdew 1  & Taye Regassa Seda 2
1,2Department of Foreign Languages and Literature, College of Humanities, Language Studies, Journalism and Communication, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.

Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.06
[Article History: Received: 30 January 2023. Revised: 18 August 2023. Accepted: 19 August 2023. Published: 20 August 2023.]
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Abstract

One of the central problems second language (L2) students face during speaking is the frequent use of ungrammatical structures. Scholars suggest Dynamic assessment (DA), which integrates language instruction and assessment in L2 classrooms, is very helpful in enhancing learners’ speaking accuracy. However, the DA as an L2 instruction/assessment approach and the Weighted Clause Ratio [WCR] as a method of analyzing speaking accuracy has never been addressed in Ethiopia before. Therefore, this research examined the extent of the effects of DA on English language structures during dialogues on learners’ speaking accuracy during monologues. To do so, an experimental study was conducted on 48 second-year English language students of Hawassa University, Ethiopia. The participants took static pretests prepared based on the IELTS Speaking Exam Syllabus. Subsequently, each student’s monologue was transcribed and the grammar accuracy was scored using a Weighted Clause Ratio (WCR). Then, the students (n=48) were assigned to the experimental and control groups based on systematic random sampling, and the equivalence of these two groups was checked.   Finally, the treatment group received DA of speaking skills, whereas the control group got a Non-dynamic assessment (NDA) of speaking skills for 12 weeks. The result showed that DA had a statistically significant effect on students’ oral accuracy. The finding implies that applying DA in ELT classrooms helps to sp facilitate learners’ L2 acquisition.

Keywords: dynamic assessment, non-dynamic assessment, grammatical structures, speaking accuracy, Weighted Clause Ratio (WCR), second language.
[Sustainable Development Goals: Quality Education]
Citation: Managdew, Abayneh Feleke & Taye Regassa Seda. 2023. Effects of Dynamic Assessment of Grammatical Structures on Learners’ Speaking Accuracy: The Case of Hawassa University, Ethiopia. Rupkatha Journal 15:3. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.06

Phonological idiosyncrasies of the Southern Sorsogon dialect in Bulan, Philippines

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Dominic Bryan S. San Jose 1 & John Gerald A. Pilar 2
1,2University of Negros Occidental-Recoletos, Philippines
Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.05
[Article History: Received: 15 June 2023. Revised: 04 August 2023. Accepted: 09 August 2023. Published: 20 August 2023.]
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Abstract

This research sought to examine the Southern Sorsogon (Sso) dialect’s distinctive phonetic features in Bulan, Philippines. In the urban and rural communities of Bulan in the province of Sorsogon, six native speakers were specifically selected based on the selection criteria. The qualitative text analysis approach used in this study was based on the transcripts of in-person interviews and other contacts between the researchers and native speakers. The Sso dialect’s segmental sounds and phonological characteristics were examined to unravel its phonetic characteristics. Read more>>

Keywords: Bikol, Bikolano, segmental sound, phonological idiosyncrasy, Southern Sorsogon dialect
[Sustainable Development Goals: Quality Education]
Citation: Jose, Dominic Bryan S. San, John Gerald A. Pilar. 2023. Phonological idiosyncrasies of the Southern Sorsogon dialect in Bulan, Philippines. Rupkatha Journal 15:3. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.05 

On the Perceptibility of Motion: An Inquiry from the Indian Philosophical Traditions

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1Manoj Bhandari &2Shruti Krishna Bhat &3Vishwanath Dhital
1Department of Humanistic Studies, IIT (BHU), Varanasi.
2Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay.
3Department of Humanistic Studies, IIT (BHU), Varanasi.

Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.04
[Article History: Received: 17 June 2023. Revised: 09 August 2023. Accepted: 09 August 2023. Published: 15 August 2023.]
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Abstract

This paper discusses an important issue regarding the concept of motion from the perspective of Indian philosophical traditions. We can recognise two camps in Indian philosophical schools regarding the epistemic means (pramana) through which one cognises motion. Some Indian philosophical schools claim that motion is completely imperceptible and one infers motion by perceiving contact and separation of an object with another object or space. Among these schools, we have considered Patanjali and Ramanuja (the author of Tantrarahasya) as the main advocators of this position. The other group claims that motion is perceptible and we infer motion only when the object possessing the motion is not perceptible. Supporters of this position are mainly the Nyaya-Vaisesika school and Narayanabhatta the author of Manameyodaya.  While summarising and critically analysing these positions, we support the view that motion is perceptible by showing the following: (1) The position that motion is non-perceptible leads to some ontological issues (2) The position that motion is perceptible is more economical and simpler.

Keywords: motion, perception, inference, Nyaya-Vaisasika, Vyakarana, Mimamsa
[Sustainable Development Goals: Quality Education]
Citation: Bhandari, Manoj, Shruti Krishna Bhat, Vishwanath Dhital. 2023. On the Perceptibility of Motion: An Inquiry from the Indian Philosophical Traditions. Rupkatha Journal 15:3. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.04 

Neoclassicism in Bangla Word Formation Processes

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Tanushree Sarkar  
Department of English (H&S), Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Hyderabad.
Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.03
[Article History: Received: 13 February 2023. Revised: 08 August 2023. Accepted: 09 August 2023. Published: 14 August 2023.]
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Abstract

In this paper, I examine the notion of neoclassical word formation in Bangla and attempt to account for all the morpho-phonological interactions of both neoclassical and native Bangla word formation processes under the framework of Rule-based Phonology. The paper has both descriptive and theoretical goals. Bangla has a vast lexicon and a rich morphological system. The abundance of the classical Sanskrit language entities makes it interesting to explore the word formation processes and observe the morphophonological interactions in light of Neoclassicism. The words and affixes in Bangla have been divided into: a) Tadbhava and b) Tatsama c) Deshi (Native) and d) Videshi (Foreign). I study the different word formation processes in Bangla affixes. A rule-based account has been given to account for the morphophonological changes and bring out the essence of Neoclassicism in the Bangla lexicon and contribute towards the study of Bangla phonology and morphology.

Keywords: Bangla, Neoclassical, Morphophonology, Tatsama, Tadbhava
[Sustainable Development Goals: Quality Education]
Citation: Sarkar, Tanushree. 2023. Neoclassicism in Bangla Word Formation Processes. Rupkatha Journal 15:3. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.03 

Contrasting Approaches to Language, Meaning, and Knowledge in Advaita Vedanta and the Western Literary Traditions

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387 views

Aayushee Garg  
Ph.D. in English, Assistant Professor at Amity School of Languages, Amity University, Lucknow.

Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.02
[Article History: Received: 12 February 2023. Revised: 08 August 2023. Accepted: 12 August 2023. Published: 14 August 2023]
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 Abstract

The present research article undertakes a comprehensive examination of contrasting approaches to language and meaning, topics that have engendered contemplation and discourse across a range of disciplines including literature, philosophy, and linguistics. The article commences by delving into the foundational disparities between Indian and Western literary theories concerning the intricate relationship binding knowledge and meaning. While the Western tradition concentrates predominantly on interpreting textual meaning, treating literary works as subjects for analysis and critique, the Indian tradition perceives concepts and ideas within texts as indirect indicators of reality and self-realization. The ancient Indian school of thought, Advaita Vednata, presents a distinctive viewpoint on the dynamic interplay between language and meaning. The article further dissects the distinct attributes of the seemingly paradoxical and contradictory language prevalent in classical Indian texts. Through this exploration, it strives to uncover the methodology of constructing meaning as employed within the framework of Advaita Vednata. This analysis is juxtaposed against the approach to linguistic interpretation prevalent in the Western literary tradition—a tradition largely rooted in the empirical world. Advaita Vedanta places significance on direct experience or anubhava, prioritizing it over transmitted knowledge, and acknowledges that the true essence of the self transcends human comprehension. By navigating the quandary of defining literary language, elucidating the process of meaning-making in Western literary theory, delving into Advaita Vednata philosophy, and studying the role of language in representing the essence of the self, this research aspires to contribute meaningfully to the ongoing discourse in the areas of literary criticism and philosophical studies.

Keywords: Language, meaning, self-realization, knowledge, Advaita Vednata.
[Sustainable Development Goals: Quality Education]
Citation: Garg, Aayushee. 2023. Contrasting Approaches to Language, Meaning, and Knowledge in Advaita Vedanta and the Western Literary Traditions. Rupkatha Journal 15:3. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.02.

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What is Performance Studies?

Richard Schechner Tisch School of the Arts, New York University  Download PDF Version Because performance studies is so broad-ranging and

‘I’ll tell that human tale’: Documenting the Wartime Sexual Violence in Jing-Jing Lee’s How We Disappeared (2019)

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395 views

Ashmita Biswas
Research Scholar, Department of English, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Kolkata.
Rupkatha Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2023. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.01
[Article History: Received: 13 June 2023. Revised: 04 August 2023. Accepted: 05 August 2023. Published: 11 August 2023]
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Abstract

Sexual slavery as a phenomenon of war was rampant during the Japanese Imperial Army’s occupation of territories before and during the Second World War (1939-1945). These innumerable sex slaves, or “comfort women”, as the Japanese Army had named them, were women (a striking number of them being minors) who were forcefully captured and separated from their families and placed at comfort stations built to fulfill the sexual needs of the Japanese soldiers. While this entire system was created on the pretext of reducing wartime rapes and curbing the spread of venereal diseases, these comfort stations did just the opposite. Studies conducted into these comfort stations reveal how they had become sites of inhuman sexual violence, torture, disease, and death. This paper will look at how Jing-Jing Lee’s historical fiction How We Disappeared (2019) rewrites these innumerable, nameless, brutalized women into the world’s history as victims of a bloody war that had tainted unassuming lives and had snuffed out their existence ruthlessly. Lee’s narrative is scarred by violence committed along gendered lines – illustrating the reduction of the female body to a disposable sexual tool, existing merely to bear the brunt of a war that was not theirs. This paper decodes the politics of gender violence behind Japan’s enforced and licensed prostitution, the nature of sexual violence, the commodification of women’s bodies, the place of women in the socio-cultural context of the era, and the gendered role of women, in what was quintessentially men’s war.

Keywords: Sexual violence, prostitution, sexual slavery, torture, gender violence
[Sustainable Development Goals: Reduced Inequalities, Gender Equality, Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions]
Citation: Biswas, Ashmita. 2023. ‘I’ll tell that human tale’: Documenting Wartime Sexual Violence in Jing-Jing Lee’s How We Disappeared (2019). Rupkatha Journal 15:3. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n3.01.

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