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Linguistic nationalism in early-colonial Assam: The American Baptist Mission and Orunodoi

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246 views

Arnab Dasgupta

Asst. Professor, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-3394-4564. Email: adasgupta@hrc.du.ac.in

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ Volume 13, Number 1, 2021 I Full Text PDF
DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v13n1.32

Linguistic nationalism in early-colonial Assam: The American Baptist Mission and Orunodoi

Abstract

This paper will attempt to map the emergence of linguistic nationalism as a direct offshoot of the language debate in early-colonial Assam. In 1836, Bengali was made the language of courts and schools in Assam. Ten years later, the Baptist Mission at Sadiya started publishing a monthly magazine called Orunodoi. Orunodoi gradually became a critical instrument in the effort to reinstate Assamese as the language of the province’s courts and schools. How did the emergent public sphere react to the debate on language? What was the power dynamic between an emergent native intelligentsia, the Baptist Mission and the colonial state in early-colonial Assam? What are the factors that prevented Assamese from being reinstated as the language of courts and schools in Assam until 1873? Was the debate on language merely about imposition of a ‘foreign’ language, or was the discourse more fluid with concerns like language standardisation operating as undercurrents? Can the language debate in early-colonial Assam be isolated as the first assertion of a sub-national identity based upon cultural and linguistic ‘uniqueness’? Through an analysis of some articles published in Orunodoi, read along with private letters and official correspondences of the American Baptist Mission in Assam, this paper will attempt to address some of these questions and recover the context of the debate around language in nineteenth-century Assam.

Keywords:  Assam, Colonial, Print culture, Linguistic nationalism, American Baptist Mission

Linguocultural Anatomical Code: Concept of Sacredness

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252 views

Moldir A. Alshynbaeva1, Shara Mazhitayeva2, Bektursyn Kaliyev3,  Nurgul Nygmetova4, Gulbaram S. Khamzina5

1 Graduate Student, Buketov Karaganda University, Kazakhstan. E-mail: a_moon86@mail.ru

2Doctor in Philology, Professor, Buketov Karaganda University, Kazakhstan. Orcid: 0000-0002-0557-5423. E-mail: s_mazhit@mail.ru. 

3Candidate of Philology, Buketov Karaganda University, Kazakhstan. E-mail: Kaliev-69@mail.ru

4Candidate of Philology, Karaganda State Technical University, Kazakhstan. Orcid: 0000-0002-6421-8231. E-mail: nurgul_tursynovna@mai.ru  

5PhD, M.Kozybaev North Kazakhstan State University, Kazakhstan. Orcid: 0000-0002-7329-6258. E-mail: Gulzada_76@mail.ru 

 Volume 13, Number 1, 2021 I Full Text PDF
DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v13n1.31

Linguocultural Anatomical Code: Concept of Sacredness

Abstract

The article examines the Kazakh people’s linguocultural anatomical code, which has developed due to nomadic culture over the centuries and reflected their beliefs, rituals, rites, and traditions. The linguocultural code is viewed as a secondary modeling semiotic system, or as a connotative semiotics. Certain anatomical concepts, i.e. body parts, bones, and internal organs serve as the cultural code’s elements. Culturally conditioned sacral significance, tracing to pagan magic, myths, and legends, is revealed in their lexical and phraseological representations in the connotative meaning. Thus, the article analyzes such concepts as 12 (on eki) múshe, jauyryn, ókpe.  12 (on eki) múshe serves as the basic concept of the Kazakh anatomical code, defining views on human and animals’ anatomy, the role and functions of certain anatomical concepts in spiritual, religious, and ritual-rite culture. A high degree of sacredness of the named concepts, depending on the level of linguistic unit total number and cultural sacred meaning units, was identified as well. Thus, the purpose of our article is to identify the specifics of the Kazakh anatomical linguocultural code by analyzing certain sacred concepts, verbalized in the names of skeleton, bones, some inner organs, as well as to define the degree of their sacredness, preserved in the modern Kazakh language. We have developed the methodology for studying these concepts, based on the secondary semiotic sign analysis, i.e. lexical and phraseological verbal units and their semantics: denotative and connotative, and defined certain concepts’ sacredness degree.

Keywords: concept sacredness, a symbolic animal, anatomical linguocultural code

Melodrama, Ascetic Modality, and Communist Self-fashioning: Mukhamukham and the Communist Hero in Malayalam Cinema

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291 views

P. Muhammed Afzal

Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities and Social Sceinces, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani, Rajasthan, India-333031. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-9989-6251. E-mail: muhammed.p@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in

 Volume 13, Number 1, 2021 I Full Text PDF
DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v13n1.30

Melodrama, Ascetic Modality, and Communist Self-fashioning: Mukhamukham and the Communist Hero in Malayalam Cinema

Abstract

This paper treats the Malayalam film Mukhamukham and the debates it engendered in the Kerala public sphere about the history and legacy of communism as an archive of passions and disavowals that have shaped the political subjectivities in contemporary Kerala and explores how the film offers a critique of the Left popular in Kerala. Through a critique of the ascetic modality of the communist hero, Mukhamukham offers a critique of the representative strategies through which the communist hero was produced in the early Left political melodramas in Malayalam, which have been a significant part of the Left’s constitutive role in the construction of the domain of the popular in Kerala. The attempt in this paper is to read the film as one that, while marked by liberal prejudices, offers a critique of the Left popular and certain prevailing notions on the Left in Kerala. The paper explores how the film represents the figure of the revolutionary; and the shift from the melodramatic conventions of the construction of the revolutionary figure that Gopalakrishnan attempts in the film.

Keywords: melodrama, Left popular, Communist self-fashioning, Malayalam cinema, Kerala

Cognitive & Pragmatic Approach to the Phraseological Intensifiers of Political Discourse

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208 views

Nadejda Zubareva1 & Iroda Siddikova2

PhD Candidate1.  DSc, Professor2. Comparative Linguistics Department, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek. Contact: zubarevan@yahoo.com

 Volume 13, Number 1, 2021 I Full Text PDF
DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v13n1.29

Cognitive & Pragmatic Approach to the Phraseological Intensifiers of Political Discourse

Abstract

The present paper reports on a study that aims to explore the cognitive and pragmatic potential of leveraging phraseological intensifiers in English political discourse. The authors argue that the phraseological intensifiers of political discourse could not be discussed without any contribution to the extra-linguistic context. Therefore, the present study works with a cognitive linguistic explanation of the phraseological intensifiers used by English politicians and journalists as well as performed pragmatic impact that aimed to foster the relevant conceptualization process. The suggestion of phraseological intensifiers depends on context linguistic meaning in the employed by the authors cognitive-pragmatic paradigm. This paper also denotes a wide range of relative to intensity categories, which should be distinguished from it. Such an analysis allows the authors to account for the wide distribution of intensifiers and their co-occurrence with categories that do not encode degree variables. The results of the study show that phraseological intensifiers significantly outperformed in the degree of pragmatic suggestion in political discourse and made use of them in a more appropriate way.

Keywords: Intensification; Phraseological Intensifiers; Cognitive; Pragmatic; Political discourse.

Gendered Parenting influence on Children’s Socialization to Gender Stereotype in Marital life

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394 views

Nisrutha Dulla & Sugyanta Priyadarshini

1,2 School of Humanities, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India

1nisrutha@gmail.com, 2sugyanta.priyadarshini@kiit.ac.in

1 ORCID: 0000-0003-0365-8281. 2ORCID: 0000-0001-7660-6162

 Volume 13, Number 1, 2021 I Full Text PDF
DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v13n1.28

Gendered Parenting influence on Children’s Socialization to Gender Stereotype in Marital life

Abstract

This research work draws attention towards heated debate on transfer of gender biased ideology to generations embedding from gendered parenting. Gendered parenting has the potential to be a breeding ground for fueling the belief of gender stereotyping in the minds of their offsprings. This notion of gender stereotyping has created a picture in the heads of the descendants regarding the fixed gender roles which develops gendered socialization in governing the social world from the lens of gender biasness. The objective of the study is to examine empirically the impact of gendered parenting on gendered socialization in their children’s marital life. The study adopts thirty-two-items scale devised by Brogan & Kutner (1976) and eight- items scale under Gender Role Stereotype Scale (2012) by taking into consideration a sample size of eight hundred respondents comprising of highly educated married professionals and their parents. The findings revealed that children have rightly perceived their parent’s act of gender stereotype in their childhood. Consequently, despite being highly educated, the act of gender stereotyping continues in their married life as they burgeoned under the reflection of gendered parenting. Furthermore, it is also interpreted in the analysis that the female respondents are adversely affected by the pervasive bias and prejudices of gender stereotype in professional life in comparison to the male respondents. The study makes efforts to enhance the understanding of the community of parents to limit the transmission of gendered ideology to their next generations, thereby, progressing towards egalitarian society.

Keywords: Gender, Gendered Parenting, Gender Stereotype, Gender Socialization, Marriage, Couples.

Age, Feeling and Experience Framing a Modernist Vision in Panait Istrati’s Stavro

222 views

Dana Radler

Bucharest University of Economic Studies. Faculty of International Business & Economics

daniela.radler@rei.ase.ro, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0059-0832

 Volume 13, Number 1, 2021 I Full Text PDF
DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v13n1.27

Age, Feeling and Experience Framing a Modernist Vision in Panait Istrati’s Stavro

Abstract

In Stavro, the first opening piece of Kyra Kyralina (published in 1923), the narrative focuses on the actions taken and the reactions shown or concealed by three male characters in alternation, with particular emphasis on gender, age, and experience. In between traditionally built sections and ample back-storytelling, the story addresses the key learning stances adopted by the three male characters at the end of a short trip that they complete together: reserve, reclusion and (self-)reflection. How does a modernist vision frame one’s identity against age, common social norms and openly manifested repression in small urban neighbourhoods? Can one protagonist’s understanding about his sexual orientation be genuinely shared with others? In what way does Stavro’s personal experience alienate his prospects of family life in the port of Br?ila? This paper aims to decode the narrative based on modern confession, continuity versus fragmentation, sexuality and modes of memory alter(n)ation.

Keywords: Panait Istrati, Stavro, modernism, confession, sexuality, memory.

Aesthetics of Excess: The Singing and Dancing of Pey in the Folktales from Karisial Kadu

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269 views

Swathi Sudhakaran1 & Milind Brahme2

1Ph.D. candidate, Humanities and Social Sciences Department, IIT Madras. ORCID id: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9599-0881. Email id: ammusswathi@gmail.com

2Associate Professor, Humanities and Social Sciences department, IIT Madras

ORCHID id: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5427-4611. Email id: brahme@iitm.ac.in

 Volume 13, Number 1, 2021 I Full Text PDF
DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v13n1.26

Aesthetics of Excess: The Singing and Dancing of Pey in the Folktales from Ka?isial Kadu

Abstract

The article explores the singing and dancing of pey, a dual spirit (benevolent and malevolent) found in the folktales from Ka?isial K?du (the area around Tuticorin district in southern Tamil Nadu, India) as embodying aesthetics of excess. The tales have been collected by Ki. Rajanarayanan in Na?upu?a Katai Kalañiya? (repository of folktales). Although a dual spirit, pey belongs to the sacred in Ka?isial K?du. The divine world of Ka?isial K?du populated by folk deities conceptualizes sacred differently from the scriptural religion and its pantheon of pan-Indian deities. This divide in the divine world becomes apparent in an aesthetic that characterizes the singing and dancing of the pey in these stories. As a response to and a manifestation of an excess it disturbs composure and does not fit into the controlled and transcendental aesthetics of N??ya??stra. The paper studies this deviant aesthetics associated with the singing and dancing of pey and its function in Ka?isial K?du through the lens of the Nietzchean category of the Dionysian.

Keywords: aesthetics, aesthetics of excess, folk deities, dionysian, Ka?isial K?du

Shakespearean and Brechtian Drama and Theatre: An Audience Response Perspective

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262 views

Vishal Joshi1 and Shakuntala Kunwar2

1Doctoral Candidate, Department of English, HNB Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar-246174, Uttarakhand (India), Email: joshi.vishal84@gmail.com, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1922-2677

2Professor, Department of English, HNB Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar-246174, Uttarakhand (India), Email: shakuntalarauthan@gmail.com 

 Volume 13, Number 1, 2021 I Full Text PDF
DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v13n1.25

Shakespearean and Brechtian Drama and Theatre: An Audience Response Perspective

Abstract

Shakespearean Dramatic theatre and Brechtian Epic theatre represent two divergent paradigms in the field of genre-drama. The plays falling under these two varying paradigms invite their readers or audience to learn to approach them by adopting a different theoretical perspective or critical stance. As per Martin Esslin “human capacities can change through time: human beings may learn to adjust themselves to new ways of perception …, and gain practice in accepting new ways of seeing both reality and art” (15). In the proposed study, the two plays chosen for comparative analyses are Hamlet by Shakespeare and Mother Courage and Her Children by Brecht: the former one centring on empathy, and the other one on alienation. Of the two paradigms discussed in the present study, in one type, admittedly, an emotional catharsis occurs and the second theoretically disclaims emotional catharsis.

Keywords: illusion, empathy, catharsis, hamartia, probability, bisociation, introjections, projection, verfremdungseffekt, alienation effect, leichtigkeit, spass, laconic language, Hegel’s dialectics.

Reconciling Locality and Globalization through Sense of Planet in Kiana Davenport’s the House of Many Gods

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255 views

Kristiawan Indriyanto

Ph.D Candidate, Doctoral Program of American Studies, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. Email: kristiawan.i@mail.ugm.ac.id. Orcid ID: 0000-0001-7827-2506

 Volume 13, Number 1, 2021 I Full Text PDF
DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v13n1.24

Reconciling Locality and Globalization through Sense of Planet in Kiana Davenport’s the House of Many Gods

Abstract

This study positions the House of Many Gods, a novel written by Kiana Davenport as a possible area of intersection between globalization and environmental/eco-criticism. The primacy of locality within American environmental discourse hinders the acceptance of global theory under the assumption that embracing the global will lead into the erasure of the local altogether. In her book, Sense of Place and Sense of Planet (2008) Ursula K Heise asserts that what she considers as sense of place is incomplete without considering ourselves as a part of a global ecosystem, which she considers as sense of planet. The reading of the House of Many Gods contextualizes sense of place and sense of planet through the perspective of Ana, in which she complements her adherence of Native Hawai’ian epistemology of place with a broader outlook of environmental crisis. A global outlook of perceiving environmentalism also aligns with Transnational American Studies which perceives America from an internationalist perspective. The paper concludes that sense of place and sense of planet provides a possible intersectionality of conceptualizing local discourse of place within a global outlook of environmentalism.

Keywords: Sense of place, sense of planet, Hawai’ian literature, ecocriticism

Remembering the 1998 Indonesian Sorcerers Massacre: Memory of Tragedy and Trauma in Intan Andaru’s Perempuan Bersampur Merah (Woman in Red Scarf)

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306 views

Eggy Fajar Andalas1, Hidayah Budi Qur’ani2

1Assistant Professor, Department of Indonesian Language Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, eggy@umm.ac.id, ORCID: 0000-0002-0107-7849

2Assistant Professor, Department of Indonesian Language Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, qurani@umm.ac.id, ORCID: 0000-0002-5441-9136

 Volume 13, Number 1, 2021 I Full Text PDF
DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v13n1.23
Remembering the 1998 Indonesian Sorcerers Massacre: Memory of Tragedy and Trauma in Intan Andaru’s Perempuan Bersampur Merah (Woman in Red Scarf)

Abstract

After the collapse of the New Order government, in the 1998-1999, hundreds of people who were considered to be sorcerers were killed, especially in Banyuwangi. In the obscurity, Intan Andaru has narrated these events into her work. Her novel, Perempuan Bersampur Merah (Woman in Red Scarf), tells massacre story form the voiceless accused sorcerer’s point of view. This article aims to discuss the representational character of the 1998 Indonesian sorcerer massacre as depicted in the work of fiction. This research uses a psycho-historical approach. The data collection technique was done by using a note-taking technique. The analysis technique is carried out by the stages of presenting data, reducing data, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that there was no authentic evidence to support the accusation that the person who was killed was actually a sorcerer. As a result, cultural trauma is an important part of the psychological suffering experienced by the victim’s family. This trauma cannot be erased because the stigmata as a descendant of a sorcerer will always be attached to the victim’s family. This novel revives the social and cultural memorial structure of the 1998 Indonesian massacre in the form of individual aesthetic mediation to activate historical memory.

Keywords: banyuwangi 1998, sorcerer, memory, tragedy, trauma

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